（雙語）《2016中國的航天》白皮書（2）

一、發展宗旨、願景與原則

I. Purposes, Vision and Principles of Development

（一）發展宗旨

Purposes

探索外層空間，擴展對地球和宇宙的認識；和平利用外層空間，促進人類文明和社會進步，造福全人類；滿足經濟建設、科技發展、國家安全和社會進步等方面的需求，提高全民科學文化素質，維護國家權益，增強綜合國力。

To explore outer space and enhance understanding of the earth and the cosmos; to utilize outer space for peaceful purposes, promote human civilization and social progress, and benefit the whole of mankind; to meet the demands of economic, scientific and technological development, national security and social progress; and to improve the scientific and cultural levels of the Chinese people, protect China’s national rights and interests, and build up its overall strength.

（二）發展願景

Vision

全面建成航天強國，具備自主可控的創新發展能力、聚焦前沿的科學探索研究能力、強大持續的經濟社會發展服務能力、有效可靠的國家安全保障能力、科學高效的現代治理能力、互利共贏的國際交流與合作能力，擁有先進開放的航天科技工業體系、穩定可靠的空間基礎設施、開拓創新的人才隊伍、深厚博大的航天精神，爲實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢提供強大支撐，爲人類文明進步作出積極貢獻。

To build China into a space power in all respects, with the capabilities to make innovations independently, to make scientific discovery and research at the cutting edge, to promote strong and sustained economic and social development, to effectively and reliably guarantee national security, to exercise sound and efficient governance, and to carry out mutually beneficial international exchanges and cooperation; to have an advanced and open space science and technology industry, stable and reliable space infrastructure, pioneering and innovative professionals, and a rich and profound space spirit; to provide strong support for the realization of the Chinese Dream of the renewal of the Chinese nation, and make positive contributions to human civilization and progress.

（三）發展原則

Principles

中國發展航天事業服從和服務於國家整體發展戰略，堅持創新發展、協調發展、和平發展、開放發展的原則。

China’s space industry is subject to and serves the national overall development strategy, and adheres to the principles of innovative, coordinated, peaceful and open development.

——創新發展。把自主創新擺在航天事業發展全局的核心位置，實施航天重大科技工程，加強科學探索和技術創新，深化體制機制改革，激發創新創造活力，推動航天事業跨越發展。

– Innovative development. China takes independent innovation as the core of the development of its space industry. It implements major space science and technology projects, strengthens scientific exploration and technological innovation, deepens institutional reforms, and stimulates innovation and creativity, working to promote rapid development of the space industry.

——協調發展。合理配置各類資源，鼓勵和引導社會力量有序參與航天發展，科學統籌部署各項航天活動，推動空間科學、空間技術、空間應用全面發展，提升航天整體發展質量和效益。

– Coordinated development. China rationally allocates various resources, encourages and guides social forces to take an orderly part in space development. All space activities are coordinated under an overall plan of the state to promote the comprehensive development of space science, space technology and space applications, and to improve the quality and efficiency of overall space development.

——和平發展。始終堅持和平利用外層空間，反對外空武器化和外空軍備競賽，合理開發和利用空間資源，切實保護空間環境，維護一個和平、清潔的外層空間，使航天活動造福全人類。

– Peaceful development. China always adheres to the principle of the use of outer space for peaceful purposes, and opposes the weaponization of or an arms race in outer space. The country develops and utilizes space resources in a prudent manner, takes effective measures to protect the space environment to ensure a peaceful and clean outer space and guarantee that its space activities benefit the whole of mankind.

——開放發展。堅持獨立自主與開放合作相結合，在平等互利、和平利用、包容發展基礎上，積極開展航天國際交流與合作，致力於推進人類航天事業的共同進步和長期可持續發展。

– Open development. China persists in combining independence and self-reliance with opening to the outside world and international cooperation. It actively engages in international exchanges and cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, peaceful utilization, and inclusive development, striving to promote progress of space industry for mankind as a whole and its long-term sustainable development.

二、2011年以來的主要進展

II. Major Developments Since 2011

2011年以來，中國航天事業持續快速發展，自主創新能力顯著增強，進入空間能力大幅提升，空間基礎設施不斷完善，載人航天、月球探測、北斗衛星導航系統、高分辨率對地觀測系統等重大工程建設順利推進，空間科學、空間技術、空間應用取得豐碩成果。

Since 2011, China’s space industry has witnessed rapid progress manifested by markedly enhanced capacity in independent innovation and access to outer space, constant improvement in space infrastructure, smooth implementation of major projects such as manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, the Beidou Navigation System and high-resolution earth observation system, and substantial achievements in space science, technology and applications.

（一）航天運輸系統

1.Space transportation system

2011年以來，截至2016年11月，長征系列運載火箭共完成86次發射任務，將100多個航天器成功送入預定軌道，發射成功率達到97.67%，運載火箭的可靠性和高密度發射能力持續增強。中國最大運載能力新一代運載火箭“長征五號”成功首飛，實現中國液體運載火箭直徑從3.35米到5米的跨越，大幅提升“長征”系列運載火箭運載能力，低軌運載能力達到25噸級，高軌運載能力達到14噸級，成爲中國運載火箭升級換代的重要標誌。120噸級液氧煤油發動機完成研製，應用該型發動機的“長征六號”“長征七號”新型運載火箭實現首飛，“長征十一號”固體運載火箭成功發射，運載火箭型譜進一步完善。

From 2011 to November 2016, the Long March carrier rocket series completed 86 launch missions, sending over 100 spacecraft into target orbit with a success rate of 97.67 percent, indication of increasing effectiveness and high-density launching capability of carrier rockets. The Long March 5 (CZ-5), China’s newest generation of carrier rockets with a maximum carrying capacity, made its maiden flight, and increased the diameter of liquid fuel rocket from 3.35 m to 5 m, with a maximum payload capacity of about 25 tons to low earth orbit and about 14 tons to geostationary transfer orbit, significantly improving the carrying capacity of the Long March rocket family and becoming a symbol of the upgrading of China’s carrier rockets. The development of the 120-ton liquid oxygen and kerosene engine was test fired, which powered Long March 6 and Long March 7 on their maiden flights. The Long March 11, a solid-fuel carrier rocket, also made a successful maiden launch, further enriching the Long March rocket family.