（雙語）《中國交通運輸發展》白皮書 3
黨的十八大以來，交通運輸進入了加快現代綜合交通運輸體系建設的新階段。2013年，鐵路實現政企分開，交通運輸大部門體制改革基本落實到位。交通運輸全面深化改革，建設法治政府部門，加快綜合交通、智慧交通、綠色交通、平安交通“四個交通”建設，圍繞“一帶一路”建設、京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶建設三大國家戰略制定發展規劃。加快綜合交通運輸基礎設施成網，推進多種運輸方式有效銜接。促進現代物流業發展，提升綜合運輸服務保障水平。加強交通運輸基本公共服務供給和管理，支持集中連片特困地區交通運輸基礎設施、城鄉客運、城市公共交通發展。推進東、中、西、東北“四大板塊”區域交通協調發展，西部地區高鐵加快發展，中西部地區交通條件顯著改善。2013年，西藏墨脫公路建成通車，中國真正實現縣縣通公路。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the construction of a Modernized comprehensive transport system has been accelerated. In 2013, railway sector realized separation of government functions from commercial operations, and the institutional reform to establish an efficient government department to exercise unified management of transport by air, water and land, as well as postal services was basically completed. The transport sector has pushed reform to a higher level by enhancing law-based management, promoting comprehensive, smart, green and safe transport, and formulating development plans to serve the Three Initiatives – the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt Initiative. China has expedited the building of a comprehensive transport infrastructure network, and reinforced the connectivity of multiple modes of transport, advancing modern logistics in this sector and securing comprehensive transport services. It has enhanced the supply and management of basic public services for transport, supporting the development of transport infrastructure in contiguous impoverished areas, urban and rural passenger transport and urban public transport. China has also promoted balanced development of transport in its eastern, central, western and northeastern regions. In this regard, western China has quickened its pace in developing high-speed railways, and overall central and western China’s transport conditions have been greatly improved. In 2013, the Motuo Highway in Tibet was opened to traffic, indicating that every county in China now had access to highways.
60多年來，中國交通運輸總體上經歷了從“瓶頸制約”到“初步緩解”，再到“基本適應”經濟社會發展需求的奮鬥歷程，與世界一流水平的差距快速縮小，部分領域已經實現超越，一個走向現代化的綜合交通運輸體系正展現在世界面前。
Over the past 60-odd years, China’s transport has undergone the phases of bottleneck, preliminary alleviation and basic adaptation to socio-economic development demands. China has narrowed its gap with world-class transport, and surpassed the latter in several fields. A modernized comprehensive transport system is now emerging on the horizon.
二、綜合交通運輸體系建設
II. Comprehensive Transport System
經過多年改革發展，多節點、全覆蓋的綜合交通運輸網絡初步形成，“五縱五橫”綜合運輸大通道基本貫通，一大批綜合客運、貨運樞紐站場（物流園區）投入運營，運輸裝備發展不斷升級，運輸服務水平顯著提升，科技創新和應用實現重大突破，交通運輸市場體系、管理體制和法規體系不斷完善。
Through years of reform and development, China has formed a multi-nodal and full-coverage transport network; opened up five vertical and five horizontal transport trunk railway lines; put into operation a large number of passenger and freight transport stations (logistics parks); upgraded transport equipment and improved transport service capacity; achieved major breakthroughs in technology innovation and application; and improved the transport market system, management mechanisms and related laws and regulations.
（一）基礎設施網絡
Infrastructure Network
多層次的鐵路網基本形成。截至2015年年底，全國鐵路營業總里程達12.1萬公里，規模居世界第二；其中高速鐵路1.9萬公里，位居世界第一。以高速鐵路爲骨架、以城際鐵路爲補充的快速客運網絡初步建成。全國鐵路複線率和電氣化率分別達到53.5%和61.8%。橫跨東西、縱貫南北的大能力通道逐步形成，物流設施同步完善，逐步實現了貨物運輸直達化、快捷化、重載化。
A multi-level railway network has been formed. By the end of 2015, China’s total railway operation length reached 121,000 km, ranking the world’s second, including 19,000-km high-speed railway, ranking the world’s first. An express passenger transport network with high-speed railway as framework and supplemented by intercity railway has been built. The proportion of double-line railway in China was 53.5 percent, and the proportion of electric railway 61.8 percent. China has formed east-west and north-south railway passageways with great transport capacity, improved logistics infrastructure, and realized nonstop, speedy, and heavy-haul freight transport.
廣覆蓋的公路網建立起來。截至2015年年底，全國公路通車總里程達457.73萬公里。高速公路通車裏程達12.35萬公里，位居世界第一。國省幹線公路網絡不斷完善，連接了全國縣級及以上行政區。農村公路里程達到398.06萬公里，通達99.9%的鄉鎮和99.8%的建制村。路網技術結構不斷優化，等級公路里程佔公路總里程的88.4%。
A full-coverage highway network has been set up. By the end of 2015, China’s total highway traffic length was 4.58 million km. Expressway length was 123,500 km, ranking first in the world. The national and provincial trunk highway network has been improved, connecting administrative regions at and above the county level nationwide. Rural highway length was 3.98 million km, connecting 99.9 percent of towns and townships and 99.8 percent of administrative villages. The technology structure of the highway network has been improved, with graded highway length accounting for 88.4 percent of total highway length.
初步形成干支銜接的水運網。截至2015年年底，全國港口擁有生產性碼頭泊位3.13萬個，其中萬噸級及以上泊位2221個，煤炭、原油、金屬礦石、集裝箱等專業化泊位達1173個，港口大型化、深水化、專業化、自動化水平進一步提升。內河航道通航里程達12.7萬公里，等級航道佔52.2%，高等級航道達標里程1.36萬公里，長江、西江、京杭運河等航道通航條件不斷改善，初步建成了以“兩橫一縱兩網十八線”爲主體的內河航道體系。
A water transport network connecting trunk and branch lines has been established. By the end of 2015, China had 31,300 quay berths for production use, including 2,221 berths of 10,000-ton-class or above and 1,173 specialized berths for coal, crude oil, metal ores and containers, and improved large-scale, professional and automated deep-water ports. Inland waterway navigable length was 127,000 km, with graded waterways accounting for 52.2 percent, and the length of high-grade waterways reaching 13,600 km. China has improved the navigation conditions of the Yangtze and Xijiang rivers and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and formed an inland waterway system composed of two horizontal trunk waterways, one vertical trunk waterway, two high-grade waterway networks and 18 high-grade mainstream and tributary waterways.
民用機場體系基本成型。截至2015年年底，全國民航運輸機場達210個，初步形成了以北京、上海、廣州等國際樞紐機場爲中心，省會城市和重點城市區域樞紐機場爲骨幹，以及其他幹、支線機場相互配合的格局。空管設施建設不斷加強，2015年保障飛機起降達到856.6萬架次。通用機場加快發展。機場軌道交通和機場快速通道加快建設，機場與其他交通運輸方式的銜接更加緊密。
A civil airport system has taken shape. By the end of 2015, China had 210 civil transport airports, forming a pattern with international hub airports in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as centers, with regional hub airports in provincial capitals and major cities as junctures, and some other support trunk and branch airports. Air traffic control facilities have been improved, which secured 8.57 million takeoffs and landings in 2015. General aviation airports have been developing quickly. Airport rail and fast-track transit have been rapidly improved, and the connectivity between airports and other modes of transport has been enhanced.
