（雙語）《2016中國的航天》白皮書（10）

（二）2011年以來的主要活動

Major events

2011年以來，中國與29個國家、空間機構和國際組織簽署43項空間合作協定或諒解備忘錄，參與聯合國及相關國際組織開展的有關活動，推進國際空間商業合作，取得豐碩成果。

Since 2011, China has signed 43 space cooperation agreements or meMoranda of understanding with 29 countries, space agencies and international organizations. It has taken part in relevant activities sponsored by the United Nations and other relevant international organizations, and supported international commercial cooperation in space. These measures have yielded fruitful results.

1、雙邊合作

(1) Bilateral cooperation

——中國與俄羅斯在總理定期會晤委員會航天合作分委會機制下，簽署《2013－2017年中俄航天合作大綱》，積極推動在深空探測、載人航天、對地觀測、衛星導航、電子元器件等領域合作。

– China and Russia signed the Outline of China-Russia Space Cooperation from 2013 to 2017 through the mechanism of the Space Cooperation Sub-committee during the Prime Ministers’ Meeting between Russia and China. The two countries have actively promoted cooperation in deep space exploration, manned spaceflight, earth observation, satellite navigation, space-related electronic parts and components, and other areas.

——中國與歐洲空間局在中歐航天合作聯合委員會機制下，簽署《2015－2020年中歐航天合作大綱》，明確在深空探測、空間科學、對地觀測、測控服務、空間碎片、教育培訓等領域開展合作，啓動實施“太陽風與磁層相互作用全景式成像衛星”。圓滿完成“龍計劃”第三期科技合作。

– China and the European Space Agency (ESA) signed the Outline of China-ESA Space Cooperation from 2015 to 2020 within the mechanism of the China-Europe Joint Commission on Space Cooperation. The two sides have declared their determination to cooperate in deep space exploration, space science, earth observation, TT&C services, space debris, and space-related education and training, and launched the panoramic imaging satellite for solar wind and magnetosphere interaction. The two sides have completed cooperation on the Dragon 3 cooperation program.

——中國與巴西在中巴高層協調與合作委員會航天分委會機制下，持續開展中巴地球資源衛星合作，成功發射中巴地球資源04星，簽署中巴地球資源04A星聯合研製補充協定以及遙感衛星數據與應用合作協定，保持中巴地球資源衛星數據的連續性。在南非、新加坡升級改造中巴地球資源衛星數據接收站，擴大該衛星數據在區域和全球範圍的應用，積極推進中巴空間天氣聯合實驗室建設。

– China and Brazil, through the mechanism of the Space Cooperation Sub-committee of the Sino-Brazilian High-level Coordination Commission, have conducted constant cooperation in the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) program. They successfully launched CBERS-4, signed the Supplementary Agreement of China and Brazil on the Joint Development of CBERS-04A and Cooperation Agreement of China and Brazil on Remote-Sensing Satellite Data and Application, maintaining CBERS data consistency. The two countries also updated CBERS data receiving stations in South Africa and Singapore, expanding CBERS data application regionally and globally. They have worked together to set up the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather.

——中國與法國在中法航天合作聯委會機制下，持續推進中法天文、中法海洋等衛星工程合作項目，簽署關於空間與氣候變化的合作意向書，推動空間技術應用於全球氣候變化治理。

– China and France, within the mechanism of the Sino-French Joint Commission on Space Cooperation, have engaged in bilateral cooperation on astronomic, ocean and other satellite programs. The two countries have signed a letter of intent on space and climate change, and worked to promote the application of space technology in global climate change governance.

——中國與意大利成立中意航天合作聯合委員會，穩步推進中意電磁監測試驗衛星工程研製。

– China and Italy set up the Sino-Italian Joint Commission on Space Cooperation, and have steadily carried forward research and development of the China-Italy Electromagnetic Monitoring Experiment Satellite Program.

——中國與英國持續推進中英空間科學技術聯合實驗室建設，加強航天科技人才交流，啓動中英遙感應用合作研究。

– China and Britain have promoted construction of a joint laboratory on space science and technology, upgraded their exchanges in space science and technology personnel, and launched cooperative studies on remote-sensing applications.

——中國與德國推動兩國航天企業間對話，加強兩國在航天高端製造領域的合作。

– China and Germany have promoted dialogue between their space industry enterprises, and strengthened cooperation in high-end space manufacturing.

——中國與荷蘭簽署空間合作諒解備忘錄，推動農業、水資源、大氣環境等領域遙感應用合作，明確在“嫦娥四號”任務實施中搭載荷方有效載荷。

– China and the Netherlands signed a memorandum of understanding on space cooperation, promoting cooperation in remote-sensing applications in agriculture, water resources and atmospheric environment, and stating that Chang’e-4 would carry a Dutch payload in its mission.

——中國與美國在中美戰略與經濟對話框架下，開展民用航天對話，明確在空間碎片、空間天氣和應對全球氣候變化等領域加強合作。

– China and the United States, within the framework of the China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue, carried out a civil space dialogue, stating that the two countries would strengthen cooperation in space debris, space weather, response to global climate change, and related areas.

——中國與阿爾及利亞、阿根廷、比利時、印度、印度尼西亞、哈薩克斯坦等國簽署航天合作協定，建立雙邊航天合作機制，明確在空間技術、空間應用、空間科學、教育培訓等領域加強交流與合作。

– China signed space cooperation agreements and established bilateral space cooperation mechanisms with Algeria, Argentina, Belgium, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in such areas as space technology, space applications, and space science, education and training.