國新辦發表中菲南海爭議白皮書 完整版(1)

Contents

目　錄

Introduction

引　言

I. Nanhai Zhudao are China’s Inherent Territory

一、南海諸島是中國固有領土

i. China’s sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao is established in the course of history

（一）中國對南海諸島的主權是歷史上確立的

ii. China has always been resolute in upholding its territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea

（二）中國始終堅定維護在南海的領土主權和海洋權益

iii. China’s sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao is widely acknowledged in the international community

（三）中國對南海諸島的主權得到國際社會廣泛承認

II. Origin of the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea

二、中菲南海有關爭議的由來

i. The Philippines’ invasion and illegal occupation caused disputes with China over some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao

（一）菲律賓非法侵佔行爲製造了中菲南沙島礁爭議

ii. The Philippines’ illegal claim has no historical or legal basis

（二）菲律賓的非法主張毫無歷史和法理依據

iii. The development of the international law of the sea gave rise to the dispute between China and the Philippines over maritime delimitation

（三）國際海洋法制度的發展導致中菲出現海洋劃界爭議

III. China and the Philippines Have Reached Consensus on Settling Their Relevant Disputes in the South China Sea

三、中菲已就解決南海有關爭議達成共識

i. It is the consensus and commitment of China and the Philippines to settle through negotiation their relevant disputes in the South China Sea

（一）通過談判解決南海有關爭議是中菲共識和承諾

ii. It is the consensus of China and the Philippines to properly manage relevant disputes in the South China Sea

（二）妥善管控南海有關爭議是中菲之間的共識

IV. The Philippines Has Repeatedly Taken Moves that Complicate the Relevant Disputes

四、菲律賓一再採取導致爭議複雜化的行動

i. The Philippines attempts to entrench its illegal occupation of some islands and reefs of China’s Nansha Qundao

（一）菲律賓企圖擴大對中國南沙羣島部分島礁的侵佔

ii. The Philippines has increasingly intensified its infringement of China’s maritime rights and interests

（二）菲律賓一再擴大海上侵權

iii. The Philippines also has territorial pretensions on China’s Huangyan Dao

（三）菲律賓企圖染指中國黃巖島

iv. The Philippines’ unilateral initiation of arbitration is an act of bad faith

（四）菲律賓單方面提起仲裁是惡意行爲

V. China’s Policy on the South China Sea issue

五、中國處理南海問題的政策

i. On the territorial issues concerning Nansha Qundao

（一）關於南沙羣島領土問題

ii. On maritime delimitation in the South China Sea

（二）關於南海海洋劃界問題

iii. On the ways and means of dispute settlement

（三）關於爭端解決方式

iv. On managing differences and engaging in practical maritime cooperation in the South China Sea

（四）關於在南海管控分歧和開展海上務實合作

v. On freedom and safety of navigation in the South China Sea

（五）關於南海航行自由和安全

vi. On jointly upholding peace and stability in the South China Sea

（六）關於共同維護南海和平穩定

Introduction

引　言

1. Situated to the south of China’s mainland, and connected by narrow straits and waterways with the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Indian Ocean to the west, the South China Sea is a semi-closed sea extending from northeast to southwest. To its north are the mainland and Taiwan Dao of China, to its south Kalimantan Island and Sumatra Island, to its east the Philippine Islands, and to its west the Indo-China Peninsula and the Malay Peninsula.

1. 南海位於中國大陸的南面，通過狹窄的海峽或水道，東與太平洋相連，西與印度洋相通，是一個東北－西南走向的半閉海。南海北靠中國大陸和臺灣島，南接加裏曼丹島和蘇門答臘島，東臨菲律賓羣島，西接中南半島和馬來半島。

2. China’s Nanhai Zhudao (the South China Sea Islands) consist of Dongsha Qundao (the Dongsha Islands), Xisha Qundao (the Xisha Islands), Zhongsha Qundao (the Zhongsha Islands) and Nansha Qundao (the Nansha Islands). These Islands include, among others, islands, reefs, shoals and cays of various numbers and sizes. Nansha Qundao is the largest in terms of both the number of islands and reefs and the geographical area.

2. 中國南海諸島包括東沙羣島、西沙羣島、中沙羣島和南沙羣島。這些羣島分別由數量不等、大小不一的島、礁、灘、沙等組成。其中，南沙羣島的島礁最多，範圍最廣。

3. The activities of the Chinese people in the South China Sea date back to over 2,000 years ago. China is the first to have discovered, named, and explored and exploited Nanhai Zhudao and relevant waters, and the first to have continuously, peacefully and effectively exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over them. China’s sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and relevant rights and interests in the South China Sea have been established in the long course of history, and are solidly grounded in history and law.

3. 中國人民在南海的活動已有2000多年曆史。中國最早發現、命名和開發利用南海諸島及相關海域，最早並持續、和平、有效地對南海諸島及相關海域行使主權和管轄。中國對南海諸島的主權和在南海的相關權益，是在漫長的歷史過程中確立的，具有充分的歷史和法理依據。

4. As neighbors facing each other across the sea, China and the Philippines have closely engaged in exchanges, and the two peoples have enjoyed friendship over generations. There had been no territorial or maritime delimitation disputes between the two states until the 1970s when the Philippines started to invade and illegally occupy some islands and reefs of China’s Nansha Qundao, creating a territorial issue with China over these islands and reefs. In addition, with the development of the international law of the sea, a maritime delimitation dispute also arose between the two states regarding certain maritime areas of the South China Sea.

4. 中國和菲律賓隔海相望，交往密切，人民世代友好，原本不存在領土和海洋劃界爭議。然而，自20世紀70年代起，菲律賓開始非法侵佔南沙羣島部分島礁，由此製造了中菲南沙羣島部分島礁領土問題。此外，隨着國際海洋法的發展，兩國在南海部分海域還出現了海洋劃界爭議。

5. China and the Philippines have not yet had any negotiation designed to settle their relevant disputes in the South China Sea. However, the two countries did hold multiple rounds of consultations on the proper management of disputes at sea and reached consensus on resolving through negotiation and consultation the relevant disputes, which has been repeatedly reaffirmed in a number of bilateral documents. The two countries have also made solemn commitment to settling relevant disputes through negotiation and consultation in the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) that China and the ASEAN Member States jointly signed.

5. 中菲兩國尚未舉行旨在解決南海有關爭議的任何談判，但確曾就妥善處理海上爭議進行多次磋商，就通過談判協商解決有關爭議達成共識，並在雙邊文件中多次予以確認。雙方還在中國和東盟國家2002年共同簽署的《南海各方行爲宣言》（以下簡稱《宣言》）中就通過談判協商解決有關爭議作出鄭重承諾。

6. In January 2013, the then government of the Republic of the Philippines turned its back on the above-mentioned consensus and commitment, and unilaterally initiated the South China Sea arbitration. The Philippines deliberately mischaracterized and packaged the territorial issue which is not subject to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the maritime delimitation dispute which has been excluded from the UNCLOS dispute settlement procedures by China’s 2006 optional exceptions declaration pursuant to Article 298 of UNCLOS. This act is a wanton abuse of the UNCLOS dispute settlement procedures. In doing so, the Philippines attempts to deny China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea.

6. 2013年1月，菲律賓共和國時任政府違背上述共識和承諾，單方面提起南海仲裁案。菲律賓把原本不屬於《聯合國海洋法公約》（以下簡稱《公約》）調整的領土問題，以及被中國2006年依據《公約》第298條作出的排除性聲明排除的海洋劃界等爭議加以曲解和包裝，構成對《公約》爭端解決機制的濫用。菲律賓妄圖藉此否定中國在南海的領土主權和海洋權益。

7. This paper aims to clarify the facts and tell the truth behind the relevant disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea, and to reaffirm China’s consistent position and policy on the South China Sea issue, in order to get to the root of the issue and set the record straight.

7. 本文件旨在還原中菲南海有關爭議的事實真相，重申中國在南海問題上的一貫立場和政策，溯本清源，以正視聽。