這些跡象表明你的膀胱可能有問題

A constant need to pee is very common - but it's still a largely taboo subject. At least ten million Brits suffer and half are too embarrassed to see a doctor about it. A similar number feel ?uncomfortable even discussing it with partners, according to the charity Bladder Health UK. Here are some of the causes and treatments available.
總想上廁所是種非常普遍的現象，但很大程度上，這仍是禁忌話題。至少1000萬英國人因此備受折磨，一半的人因爲難爲情而不去看醫生。還有一半的人覺得就算是和另一半聊這個話題，他們都會感到不適。下面我們將介紹尿頻的原因和治療方法。

1. Cause: Type 2 diabetes
1. 原因：2型糖尿病

Three-quarters of people with diabetes experience excessive thirst and the need to wee more frequently. When there's excess glucose in the blood, the kidneys react by trying to flush it out by producing more urine.
四分之三的糖尿病患者都會超級口渴，需要更加頻繁的上廁所。當血液中有多餘葡萄糖時，腎會分泌更多的尿液來沖掉多餘的葡萄糖。

How to beat it: See your GP to get your blood glucose levels tested and a treatment plan.
如何治療：讓全科醫生幫你檢查血糖水平，制定治療方案。

2. Bladder infection
2. 膀胱感染

Weeing frequently combined with a burning sensation can be a sign of a urinary tract infection, which happens when harmful bacteria enter the kidneys, ?bladder or urethra. Urine can also be cloudy or smell bad.
上廁所頻繁和灼燒感是尿道感染的跡象，有害細菌進入腎臟、膀胱或尿道就會導致膀胱感染。你的尿液也可能渾濁、難聞。

How to beat it: See your GP for a urine test and then a course of antibiotics.
治療方法：讓全科醫生對你進行尿檢，然後開一些抗生素。

3. Weak pelvic floor
3. 骨盆腔底弱

Leaking when you cough, sneeze, laugh, jump or lift something heavy probably means you have stress incontinence. The effects of childbirth are well known, while older women are commonly affected by falling oestrogen levels which change the muscle tone. Weak pelvic floor can also affect men.
咳嗽、打噴嚏、大笑、跳起來或拿重東西的時候忍不住尿了一兩滴可能意味着你患有壓力性尿失禁。大家都知道分娩帶來的後果，而年紀大的女性經常會受到雌激素水平下降的影響，改變肌張力。男性的骨盆腔底也有可能很弱。

How to beat it: Pelvic floor ?exercises. Locate your pelvic floor muscles by imagining ?trying to stop the flow of urine when you go to the toilet. Sit and squeeze the muscles ten times, breathing normally.
如何治療：進行骨盆腔底練習。通過想象找到自己的骨盆腔底肌肉--上廁所的時候，試着不要尿尿。坐下來擠壓肌肉10次，正常呼吸。

4. Medications
4. 藥物

Certain medications can trigger an overactive bladder - including diuretics, commonly taken for high blood pressure , and opioid painkillers.
某些藥物會使膀胱過度活動--包括治療高血壓的利尿劑和阿片類止痛藥。

How to beat it: Speak to your GP about possible alternative medication. Exercises can help.
如何治療：和醫生談談有沒有什麼藥物可以替換上述藥物。鍛鍊也能起作用哦。

5. Too much tea or coffee
5. 喝了太多茶或咖啡

Caffeine in tea and coffee is a diuretic, which triggers increased urination. Alcohol too.
茶和咖啡中的咖啡因是利尿劑，導致排尿量增多。酒精也是。

How to beat it: Try switching to decaffeinated varieties or ease up on the booze - and avoid taking in fluids for two hours before going to bed.
如何治療：嘗試喝一些脫咖啡因的茶或咖啡，或減少飲酒量--睡前兩小時不要喝任何液體。