雙語暢銷書《艾倫圖靈傳》第5章:解謎接力賽(130)

But it was the Enigma which lay at the heart of the British recovery of summer 1941;

但在1941年夏天，英國扭轉局勢的核心力量，還是破譯謎機。

not only in the tacticAl routeing of convoys, but in making possible action against U-boats, especially their supply system.

在護航隊的戰略路線、對抗敵方潛艇的行動，尤其是保障供給系統方面，謎機的破譯工作起到了不可替代的作用。

Above all the British now had a clear and virtually complete picture of what was happening.

最重要的是，英國現在能夠清楚完整地瞭解，整個戰場到底發生了什麼。

It was through Alan Turing's work that 'in July and August, by which time Winn had got into his stride', losses fell to under 100,000 tons a month.

正是因爲艾倫的研究，使英國的運力損耗降到了每月100, 000噸。

Overall, the second half of 1941 saw German successes halved despite an increase in the number of U-boats to 80 in October.

總得來說，在1941年下半年，德國人的進展只不過是U型潛艇的數量在十月時增長到80艘。

By the end of the year it was being claimed that the shipping problem was solved.

在這一年的年末，英國的海運問題已經基本上解決了。

Yet the fight was very far from over.

然而戰爭還遠未結束。

The British improvements were only just keeping pace with the continually growing U-boat strength, and they were at the mercy of the Enigma enciphering system.

英國的發展只能剛好與U型潛艇的力量增長相抵消，而且他們還要依賴於對謎機的破解。

September 1941, in particular, saw a dramatic increase in sinkings for the few weeks after a small sophistication was introduced into the U-boat signals.

1941年9月，U型潛艇的通信系統中，添加了一個很小的複雜系統，於是英國的沉船數量在幾個星期內劇烈增長。

They had all along been indicating positions by means of the grid references on their maps, and

他們長期使用他們的地圖，通過參考座標網的方法來標明位置，而