溫總理在開羅阿拉伯國家聯盟總部的演講

2009年11月7日，中國國務院總理溫家寶在開羅訪問了阿拉伯國家聯盟總部並發表題爲《尊重文明的多樣性》的重要演講。演講全文如下：

尊重文明的多樣性
——在開羅阿拉伯國家聯盟總部的演講
中國國務院總理 溫家寶
開羅，2009年11月7日

Respect Diversity of Civilizations
--Speech at the Headquarters of the League of Arab States
by H.E. Wen Jiabao, Premier of the People's Republic of China
Cairo, 7 November 2009

尊敬的阿姆魯•穆薩祕書長，
尊敬的各位使節，
女士們，先生們：

Your Excellency Secretary General Amr Moussa,
Your Excellencies Diplomatic Envoys,
Ladies and Gentlemen,

薩拉姆－阿萊控（大家好）！

As-Salamu Alaykum.

今天，我很高興來到開羅阿拉伯國家聯盟總部，同各位使節和埃及各界朋友們交流。阿盟是阿拉伯國家團結、聯合、自強的象徵。首先，請允許我代表中國政府和人民，向阿拉伯國家和人民，致以崇高的敬意和美好的祝願！

I am delighted today to have the opportunity to meet you, diplomatic envoys and Egyptian friends from various sectors, here at the headquarters of the League of Arab States, symbol of the solidarity, unity and strength of Arab countries. On behalf of the Chinese government and people, I would like to pay high tribute and offer best wishes to all the Arab countries and people.

有句阿拉伯諺語：“喝了尼羅河的水，一定會再來”。三年前，我在尼羅河畔的金字塔前，與中埃各界人士共同慶祝兩國建交５０週年。今天，我再次踏上這片承載着厚重文明的神奇土地，倍感親切。

There is an Arab saying which goes, "Whoever drinks the Nile water is sure to come back again." Three years ago, right in front of the pyramid by the Nile, I joined people from Egypt and China in celebrating the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between our two countries. Today, returning to this beautiful land imbued with splendid civilization, I feel much at home.

中國同阿拉伯國家之間的友誼，源遠流長。近代以來，中國和阿拉伯國家都經歷了滄桑鉅變，走上了民族復興的道路。相似的經歷和追求發展的共同目標使中國同阿拉伯各國風雨同舟、休慼與共、結下了深厚情誼。中國人民視阿拉伯人民爲好朋友、好夥伴、好兄弟，爲你們在發展道路上所取得的每一個成就感到由衷的高興，表示熱烈的祝賀！

China and Arab countries enjoy a time-honored friendship. Both sides went through tremendous changes in modern times and embarked on the road of national rejuvenation. Similar experiences and common pursuit of development have bonded us close together. Sharing weal and woe, we have tided over difficulties side by side and forged profound friendship. The Chinese people see the Arab people as good friends, good partners and good brothers. We rejoice at every success you have achieved on the path of development, and we warmly congratulate you on all your accomplishments.

今天，我演講的題目是：尊重文明的多樣性。

The title of my speech today is Respect Diversity of Civilizations.

文明具有多樣性，就如同自然界物種具有多樣性一樣。當今世界，有２００多個國家和地區，２５００多個民族，６０００多種語言。正是這些不同民族、不同膚色、不同歷史文化背景的人們，共同創造了豐富多彩的世界，就如同有了七音八調的差異，才能演奏出美妙動聽的音樂。不同文明之間的對話、交流、融合，匯成了人類文明奔流不息的長河。

There exist diverse civilizations in the world, just like there are diverse species in the nature. The world today is home to over200 countries and regions, more than 2,500 ethnic groups and 6,000-plus languages. As different musical notes make a beautiful melody, people of different ethnicities, colors and historical and cultural backgrounds have jointly made our world a splendid and colorful place. Dialogue, exchanges and integration among different civilizations form the powerful current of human civilization, surging ahead ceaselessly.

伊斯蘭文明和中華文明都是人類文明的瑰寶，都對人類社會的進步和發展有着不可磨滅的貢獻。

Both the Islamic and the Chinese civilizations are treasures of the human civilization and both have made indelible contributions to the progress and development of the human society.

中華文明同伊斯蘭文明之間的對話和交流，有着悠久的歷史。聞名中外的古絲綢之路，就是生動有力的見證。兩千多年前，通過絲綢古道傳入中國的胡桃、胡椒、胡蘿蔔等，早已成爲中國人喜愛的食物。阿拉伯鼎盛時期的文學經典《一千零一夜》，在中國家喻戶曉。伊斯蘭風格的音樂、舞蹈和服飾、建築，在中國深受歡迎。同樣，中國古代文化和技術，也傳到了阿拉伯國家。中國的瓷器、絲綢、茶葉、造紙術，就是通過阿拉伯國家傳入歐洲的。六百年前，中國穆斯林航海家鄭和七下西洋，多次到達阿拉伯地區，成爲傳播友誼和知識的使者。中國與阿拉伯世界的交流不斷擴大和加深，不僅有力促進了雙方的文化繁榮和經濟發展，還推動了東西方文明的交流。

Dialogue and exchanges between the Chinese civilization and the Islamic civilization date back to antiquity and the world-famous Silk Road offers us the best example. Through this ancient road, walnuts, pepper and carrots were introduced to China two thousand years ago and have since become very popular among the Chinese people. One Thousand and One Nights, a literary classic in the Arab heyday, is known to every Chinese household. And Islamic music, dance, dress and architecture are warmly appreciated in China. Likewise, the ancient Chinese culture and technologies were introduced to Arab countries and via Arab countries, Chinese porcelain, silk, tea and papermaking technique were passed on to Europe. Six hundred years ago, Zheng He, a Muslim navigator in China, landed in the Arab region several times on his seven voyages to the Western Seas. He is remembered as an envoy of friendship and knowledge. The ever expanding and deepening exchanges between China and the Arab world have not only enhanced our respective cultural prosperity and economic development, but also promoted interactions between the Eastern and Western civilizations.

文明存在差異，但沒有優劣之分。各種文明都包含有人類發展進步所積澱的共同理念、共同追求。在中華文明中，早就有“和爲貴”、“和而不同”、“己所不欲，勿施於人”等偉大思想。伊斯蘭文明也蘊含着崇尚和平、倡導寬容的理念。《古蘭經》就有一百多處講到和平。在多樣中求同一，在差異中求和諧，在交流中求發展，是人類社會應有的文明觀。

Civilizations can be different, but no civilization is superior to others. Each civilization embodies the common vision and common aspirations of mankind shaped in the course of development and progress. The Chinese civilization has long advocated the great ideas that "Harmony is most valuable," "Seek harmony in diversity" and "Do not do unto others what you would not have others do unto you." Similarly, the Islamic civilization values peace and calls for tolerance. The Koran contains more than 100 references to peace. We should build consensus and seek harmony in a world of diversity and push forward development through exchanges. This is the approach all mankind should embrace in advancing civilization.談到尊重文明的多樣性，必須看到各個民族、各種宗教都是多樣性文明的重要載體。中國是一個多民族、多宗教的國家。我們有５６個民族，本土的道教與相繼傳入的佛教、伊斯蘭教、天主教、基督教等長期和諧共處。中國政府的基本政策是，堅定不移地堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，切實保障各民族一律平等，加快少數民族和民族地區經濟社會發展；堅定不移地堅持宗教信仰自由政策，發揮宗教界人士和信教羣衆在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。

Speaking of respecting diversity of civilizations, we must recognize that diversity of civilizations is largely reflected in ethnic and religious diversity. China is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country. It is made up of 56 ethnic groups. The indigenous Taoism has long existed in harmony with Buddhism, Islam and Christianity, religions introduced from the outside. It is the basic policy of the Chinese government to implement and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, ensure equality among all ethnic groups and speed up the economic and social development of minority ethnic groups and areas inhabited by these groups. It is also our policy to ensure freedom of religious belief and bring into play the positive role of religious personages and religious believers in promoting economic and social development.

在中國，信仰伊斯蘭教的有１０個民族，２０００多萬人口。他們都是中華民族大家庭的重要成員，他們的宗教信仰、文化傳統和生活習俗受到了充分尊重。目前在中國城鄉，有３５０００多座清真寺。在中國任何的一個城市，都可以找到清真餐廳。像上海這樣國際化的大都市，專門爲保障清真食品的供應立了法。在民間生活中，不管工廠、學校和機關，只要有穆斯林，就開清真竈；連朋友聚會，只要其中有一位是穆斯林，大家都自覺用清真餐。中國政府制定了一系列政策，扶持少數民族和民族地區的經濟、文化和社會發展。信仰伊斯蘭教的民族，同其他各個民族和睦相處，共同推動了國家發展和社會進步。

In China, more than 20 million people from 10 ethnic groups believe in Islam. They are all important members of the big family of the Chinese nation, and their religious belief, cultural tradition and way of life are fully respected. There are over 35,000 mosques in cities and the countryside across China. You can find Muslim restaurants in any Chinese city. In an international metropolis like Shanghai, there is local legislation ensuring the supply of Muslim food. You will also find that in factories, schools and government offices in China, Muslim cuisine is available wherever there are Muslims. If you attend a get-together among friends, those present will all choose to have Muslim food even if only one of them is a Muslim. The Chinese government has adopted a range of policies to support economic, cultural and social development of minority ethnic groups and areas. Ethnic groups who believe in Islam have lived in amity with other ethnic groups and jointly promoted national development and social progress.

女士們，先生們：

Ladies and Gentlemen,

新中國成立以來，中阿始終相互同情，相互支持。上世紀五十年代，一批阿拉伯國家排除種種干擾，毅然同中華人民共和國建立外交關係。七十年代，在阿拉伯國家和其他友好的發展中國家大力支持和不懈努力下，新中國恢復了在聯合國的合法席位。對阿拉伯國家爭取民族合法權利的正義事業和謀求發展的願望，中國政府和人民感同身受，給予了政治和道義上的有力支持，提供了力所能及的幫助。許多中國工程技術人員爲支援阿拉伯國家的建設獻出了寶貴的生命，長眠在這塊土地上。

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China and Arab countries have always sympathized with and supported each other. In the 1950s, a number of Arab countries overcame various interferences and made the courageous decision to establish diplomatic relations with China. In the 1970s, Arab countries and other friendly developing countries gave strong support and made persistent effort in helping restore New China's lawful seat in the United Nations. On our part, the Chinese government and people have shown full understanding for the just cause of Arab countries to seek lawful national rights and your aspirations for development. We have given you strong political and moral support and provided assistance within the realm of our capabilities. Many Chinese engineers and construction workers gave their precious lives for the development of Arab countries and were laid to rest in the Arab land.

２１世紀，是經濟全球化的世紀，也是多樣文明大放光彩的世紀。擁有１３億人口的中國同擁有數億人口的阿拉伯世界，都肩負着讓古老文明煥發青春的神聖使命。回眸近二百多年來的歷史，中國和阿拉伯國家被耽誤的歷史機遇太多太多了。我們有一百個理由、一千個理由振奮起來，加強合作、加快發展，追上時代前進的步伐，而沒有任何一個理由可以心存疑慮、躊躇不前。任何對國家、對民族負責任的政治家，任何有抱負、有作爲的企業家和社會各界人士，都應該清醒地看到自己肩負的歷史責任。讓我們攜起手來。把中國同阿拉伯各國的友好合作推向新階段！

The 21st century is the century of economic globalization. It is also one marked by great progress of diverse civilizations. China, with its 1.3 billion people, and the Arab world, with its several hundred million people, both shoulder the sacred mission of renewing our centuries-old civilizations. Looking back at the last 200 years, we have missed far too many opportunities. We have100 reasons, even 1,000 reasons to strengthen cooperation and speed up development with renewed vigor and vitality, so that we can catch up with the changing times. We have no reason whatsoever to dither or hesitate. All political leaders who have a sense of responsibility towards their countries and peoples and all entrepreneurs and other members of the society who cherish high ideals and aspirations should have a keen awareness of the responsibility that history has placed on them. Let us join hands and take the friendly cooperation between China and Arab countries to a new level!

中國要同阿拉伯國家鞏固政治互信、加強戰略合作。當今世界正在經歷大變革大調整大發展，國際政治經濟格局正在發生深刻的變化，包括阿拉伯國家在內的發展中國家地位和影響力不斷提高。在這種新的歷史條件下，中國同阿拉伯國家鞏固政治互信，加強戰略合作，這是我們雙方的根本利益之所在。“中阿合作論壇”的創立和發展，爲雙方加強集體對話與協作開闢了廣闊前景。中阿要做和平穩定的維護者，堅持通過對話和協商解決國際爭端和地區衝突。反對一切形式的恐怖主義、分裂主義和極端主義，反對把恐怖主義與特定的民族和宗教混爲一談。共同營造安全、安寧的國際環境。中國願同阿方加強合作，攜手應對氣候變化、能源、非傳統安全威脅等全球性挑戰，推動實現千年發展目標。中阿雙方在重大國際和地區事務上要繼續相互支持、相互配合，共同維護廣大發展中國家的利益，致力於建立公正、合理的國際新秩序。

China is committed to deepening political trust and strengthening strategic cooperation with Arab countries. The world today is experiencing major transformation, major adjustments and major development, and the international political and economic architecture is going through profound changes. The standing and influence of developing countries, including Arab countries, are on the rise. Against such a background, it serves the fundamental interests of both sides to solidify political trust and intensify strategic cooperation. The establishment and development of the China-Arab Cooperation Forum have opened broad prospects for strengthened collective dialogue and coordination between the two sides. We should work together to promote peace and stability, seek settlement of international disputes and regional conflicts through dialogue and consultation, oppose all forms of terrorism, separatism and extremism, and reject linking terrorism to any specific ethnic group or religion. And we should jointly foster a safe and peaceful international environment. China is ready to step up cooperation with Arab countries to address global challenges, including climate change, energy and non-traditional security threats and promote the attainment of the UN Millennium Development Goals. We should continue to support and cooperate with each other in major international and regional affairs, work together to safeguard the interests of developing countries and endeavor to build a just and reasonable new international order.

中國將繼續推動中東和平進程。中東應該有一個和平美好的未來。二戰以來，中東戰火不斷，生靈塗炭，百姓流離失所。嚴酷的事實表明，冤冤相報只能加深仇恨，鑄劍爲犁才能迎來和平。“阿拉伯和平倡議”向全世界表明了阿拉伯國家和平解決中東問題的真誠意願和戰略選擇，中方對此高度讚賞。以對話代替對抗，以理解促進和解，停止流血衝突，是解決中東問題的根本途徑。我們期盼中東早日結束紛爭和戰亂，恢復和平與安寧。中國願與阿拉伯國家和其他有關各方加強溝通，發揮建設性作用，推動中東問題早日得到全面、公正、持久的解決，實現中東地區的和平、安全和穩定。

China will continue to promote the Middle East peace process. The Middle East deserves a peaceful and beautiful future. Since World War II, the Middle East region has been plagued by incessant wars and conflicts. Numerous lives have been lost and many innocent people displaced. The stark reality shows that the an eye for an eye approach can only stoke deeper hatred, and peace can only be achieved by turning swords into ploughshares. We highly appreciate the Arab Peace Initiative, which demonstrates to the whole world the sincere wish and strategic decision of Arab countries to peacefully resolve the Middle East issue. The fundamental way to resolve the Middle East issue is to replace confrontation with dialogue, promote reconciliation by increasing understanding, and stop the bloodshed and conflicts. We hope that disputes and conflicts will soon come to an end and peace and tranquility will return to the Middle East. China is ready to step up consultation with Arab countries and other parties concerned and play a constructive role in promoting a comprehensive, just and lasting settlement of the Middle East issue in order to achieve peace, security and stability in this part of the world.

中國積極發展同阿拉伯各國的經貿合作。上世紀八十年代以來特別是近幾年來，中阿雙方互惠互利的經貿關係發展迅速。中國同阿拉伯國家的貿易額從２００４年的３６７億美元攀升至２００８年的１３２８億美元，是當年的３．６倍。截至２００８年底，雙方工程承包合同累計接近１０００億美元。發展中阿經貿合作，空間廣闊，潛力巨大。特別是當前面對國際金融危機的嚴重衝擊，中阿要採取更加切實有效的措施，擴大雙方在經貿、能源、投資、金融、旅遊和人力資源培訓等領域的務實合作。中國政府鼓勵有實力的企業到阿拉伯國家投資興業。中國政府和中國企業將更加註重促進夥伴國自身經濟實力的增強，更加註重促進當地的就業、資源的綜合利用和環境的保護。中國將一如既往地向欠發達國家提供人道主義援助，幫助改善民生，消除貧困，增強自我發展能力。

China will push forward economic cooperation and trade with Arab countries. The mutually beneficial economic and trade ties between the two sides have been growing rapidly since the 1980s, the last few years in particular. Trade volume between China and Arab countries jumped from US$36.7 billion in 2004 to US$132.8 billion in 2008, a 2.6-fold increase in a short span of five years. By the end of 2008, the total value of contracted projects between the two sides had approached US$100 billion. There is great scope and enormous potential for business cooperation between China and Arab countries. In response to the serious impact of the international financial crisis, it is all the more important for us to take more concrete and effective measures to expand practical cooperation in economy and trade, energy, investment, finance, tourism and human resources training. The Chinese government encourages capable Chinese enterprises to make investment and set up businesses in Arab countries. The Chinese government and enterprises will place more emphasis on helping build up the economic strength of our partner countries and on promoting local job creation, comprehensive resource utilization and environmental protection. China will, as always, provide humanitarian assistance to underdeveloped countries and help them improve people's livelihood, eradicate poverty and expand capacity for self-development.中國願同阿拉伯各國加強文化交流與合作。阿拉伯地區是人類古老文明的交匯之地，絢爛的文學藝術，美妙的音樂舞蹈，獨特的飲食服飾，精湛的手工技藝，構成了多彩多姿的文化圖景。中國政府鼓勵發展同阿拉伯國家之間的教育、文化、旅遊和其他方面的交流。中國政府鼓勵更多的青年學生到阿拉伯國家留學，也歡迎阿拉伯青年學子到中國學習、訪問。文化的溝通，有利於雙方加深對彼此歷史和現狀的瞭解，增進感情，夯實中阿友好的社會基礎。

China hopes to step up cultural exchanges and cooperation with Arab countries. The Arab region is the converging point of ancient civilizations. The splendid literature and art, beautiful music and dance, unique food and dress and exquisite craftsmanship epitomize its colorful culture. The Chinese government encourages growing educational, cultural, tourism and other exchanges with Arab countries. We will encourage more young people to study in Arab countries and welcome young Arab students to come to China for study or visits. Cultural exchanges will help deepen mutual understanding about each other's history and current conditions, strengthen the bond of friendship and build strong public support for our friendship.

半個多世紀來，阿拉伯國家聯盟一直致力於加強成員國之間的密切合作，維護阿拉伯國家的獨立與主權。我們希望看到，阿盟在當代國際社會尤其在促進中東的和平與發展方面發揮更大的作用。

Over the past half century and more, the League of Arab States has been dedicated to enhancing cooperation among its members and safeguarding the independence and sovereignty of Arab states. We hope that the Arab League will play a bigger role in the international community, particularly in promoting peace and development in the Middle East.

女士們，先生們：

Ladies and Gentlemen,

在座的朋友們可能很關心中國的情況。新中國成立６０年來，特別是改革開放３０年來，中國經濟發展和社會進步有目共睹。同時，我們也清醒地認識到，中國仍然是發展中國家。中國的經濟總量塊頭不小，但人均水平還很低。這次全球金融危機，對中國的影響和衝擊也是很大的。經過努力，我們全年有可能保持８％的增長速度。但是，全面復甦的基礎還不夠牢固。毋庸諱言，中國在現代化進程中還面臨着許許多多亟待解決的困難和問題。這就需要推進改革開放、經濟建設和社會進步。這就需要兼顧改革、發展和穩定。我們始終把維護國家統一、民族團結和社會穩定，放在十分重要的位置上，否則一切無從談起。我想，這個道理對世界各國都是一樣的。

You may be interested in China's development. Let me say, in this connection, that we have made notable progress in economic and social development since the founding of New China 60 years ago, particularly in the last 30 years since reform and opening-up. At the same time, we are keenly aware that China is still a developing country. While our aggregate GDP may be quite large, our per capita GDP is very low. The global financial crisis has made a big impact on China's economy. Though the target of an 8% growth for 2009 is within reach through our efforts, the foundation of a full recovery is not yet firmly established. We still face many difficulties and pressing problems in the course of modernization. This requires that we press ahead with reform and opening-up, economic development and social progress. We must strike the right balance among development, reform and stability. And we must always put national reunification, ethnic unity and social stability high on our agenda. Otherwise, we can accomplish nothing. I think this logic holds true for all countries in the world.

我這次埃及之行，是推進文明對話之旅，也是發展友好合作之旅。中國同埃及的友好合作，是尊重文明多樣性的典範，也是發展中國家關係和南南合作的典範。我們永遠不會忘記，在阿拉伯世界和非洲，埃及是第一個同新中國建交的國家，也是第一個同中國建立戰略合作關係的國家。中埃兩國一直保持着十分友好的關係，各領域合作不斷推進，在維護和平、促進發展等全局性、戰略性問題上相互協調、堅定支持。中埃戰略合作已取得豐碩成果，爲兩國人民帶來了實實在在的福祉。中國將繼續支持埃及在地區和國際事務中發揮更大的作用。

My current visit to Egypt is aimed at enhancing dialogue among civilizations and promoting closer friendship and cooperation. The friendship and cooperation between China and Egypt represent a good example of respect for diversity of civilizations and a model for relations between developing countries and South-South cooperation. We will never forget that Egypt was the first country in the Arab world and in Africa that established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and the first one that entered into a strategic and cooperative relationship with China. Our two countries have always maintained friendly relations, our cooperation in all fields has made steady progress and we have coordinated with and firmly supported each other on the overarching and strategic issues concerning peace and development. The strategic cooperation between China and Egypt has yielded rich results and brought tangible benefits to people of both countries. China will continue to support Egypt in playing a greater role in regional and international affairs.

中華民族是一個重友誼、講感情、恪守承諾的民族。中國同阿拉伯世界，過去是朋友，今天是朋友，將來還是朋友！不管國際風雲如何變幻，中國人民永遠是阿拉伯各國人民值得信賴的好兄弟！讓我們共同爲建設一個持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界而努力！

The Chinese nation values friendship and keeps its word. China and the Arab world were friends in the past; we are friends today; and we will remain friends forever. No matter how the international scene may change, the Chinese people will always be the trusted brothers of the Arab people. Let us work together to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

謝謝大家！

Thank you.

舒克蘭！（謝謝）

Shukran.