溫總理年英國皇家學會演講“未來中國的方向”

2011年6月27日，正在出訪英國的中國國務院總理溫家寶被英國皇家學會授予“查理二世國王獎”，溫家寶在英國皇家學會發表了題爲《未來中國的走向》的演講。演講全文如下：

The Path to China's Future
--Speech by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao at the Royal Society of Britain
June 27, 2011 London
未來中國的走向
——在英國皇家學會的演講
中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶
2011年6月27日，倫敦

Sir Paul Nurse, President of the Royal Society,
Dear Fellows,
Your Excellencies,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
尊敬的納斯會長，
各位會員、各位使節，
女士們、先生們：

It gives me great pleasure to visit the renowned Royal Society today. I have just received the Royal Society King Charles II Medal. To me, it is not only a personal honor, but also a recognition of China's advances in science and technology. Indeed, it is a symbol of friendship and cooperation between the Chinese and British science communities, and I wish to express my heartfelt appreciation to you for awarding me the medal.
今天，我應邀訪問久負盛名的英國皇家學會，深感榮幸。剛纔，英國皇家學會授予我“查理二世國王獎”。這不僅是我個人的榮譽，也是對中國科技進步的肯定，同時也是中英兩國科技界友誼與合作的象徵。對此，我向你們表示衷心的感謝！

The Royal Society is the most prestigious science institution in the UK and the oldest science society in the world. It is often associated with such towering figures as Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking, who have made epoch-making contribution to the advancement of science and technology. I wish to also salute all the Fellows present today for your outstanding achievements in promoting human progress.
英國皇家學會，是英國最高科學學術機構，也是世界上歷史最悠久的科學學會。牛頓、達爾文、愛因斯坦、霍金等科學巨匠，爲人類科技事業發展作出過劃時代的貢獻。在座的各位會員，同樣以自己的傑出成就造福社會。我向你們表示崇高的敬意！

This is my fourth visit to the UK as China's premier. During this visit, I have a very different impression from my last visit two years ago, in early 2009. Back then, the UK was hit by both a rare heavy snow and the global financial crisis. Coming to London from Davos, I could sense anxiety and uneasiness in the air. I remember saying during that visit, "Confidence is more important than currency and gold." But now back in mid-summer London, I can see that people have regained confidence. I greatly admire the UK's efforts and achievements.
擔任中國總理以來，這是我第四次訪問貴國。這一次和上一次時隔兩年，感覺大不相同。2009年初，貴國遭受一場罕見的大雪，同時也經歷着國際金融危機的煎熬。我從達沃斯到倫敦一路走來，感受到一種憂鬱不安的氣氛。我當時說，“信心比貨幣和黃金更寶貴”。如今仲夏的倫敦，人們又恢復了往日的從容和自信。我對貴國應對危機所作的努力和可喜進展，表示由衷的欽佩！

As to my country China, it has emerged from the financial crisis stronger and is now on a steady course of growth. Let me give you an example:
我要告訴朋友們的是，經過這場國際金融危機的洗禮，中國前進的步伐更加穩健了。在這裏，我想說一件事。

You may recall that on May 12, 2008, a devastating earthquake hit southwest China. Standing on the rubbles in Wenchuan, the epicenter of the quake, I said to the Chinese and foreign journalists, "Come back in three years' time, and you will see a new Wenchuan." Over the past three years, while fighting the global financial crisis, we have mobilized the whole country to carry out reconstruction in the earthquake areas. Last month, I visited these areas for the tenth time. I saw decent housing apartments, solid school buildings and modern hospitals, and the local people were pleased with the reconstruction. I hope you will visit Wenchuan, where you will be overwhelmed by the miraculous transformation, and you will personally experience China's vitality.
2008年5月12日，中國西南部發生毀滅性的特大地震。當時，我站在震中汶川的廢墟上，對前來採訪的中外記者說，“過三年再來，一個新的汶川會拔地而起”。三年過去了，我們一邊應對國際金融危機的衝擊，一邊舉全國之力進行災後重建。上個月，我第十次來到震區，欣喜地看到：災區最漂亮的是住房，最堅固的是學校，最現代的是醫院，最滿意的是居民。我邀請在座各位朋友，有機會到中國汶川走一走、看一看。如果你們身臨其境，一定會爲這裏發生的奇蹟感到震撼，也會從中真實地感受到中國的生機和活力。

People outside China see the development and changes in China since reform and opening-up in different ways. There is also an intense interest in China's future path. I wish to take this opportunity to address this subject.
對中國改革開放以來的發展變化，世界上有各種各樣的解讀；對未來中國的走向，人們也非常關注。我願意借今天這個機會，談談我的看法。

In the early 1980s, Mr. Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening-up program, proposed a three-step strategy for China's modernization drive. The first step is to ensure adequate food and clothing for the people. The second step is to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The third step is to achieve modernization and reach the level of medium developed countries by the middle of this century. The current period from 2010 to 2020 is a crucial one for China to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Putting people's interests first and promoting the wellbeing of the entire Chinese people -- this is what the three-step strategy is all about. Following this path of socialist modernization, China will embrace an even brighter future.
上世紀80年代初，中國改革開放的總設計師鄧小平，曾提出我國現代化進程分“三步走”的戰略構想。第一步，基本解決溫飽問題；第二步，全面建設小康社會；第三步，到本世紀中葉，基本實現現代化，達到世界中等發達國家水平。2010年到2020年，是中國全面建設小康社會的關鍵階段。“三步走”戰略的核心和本質，都是堅持以人爲本，增進全體中國人的福祉。沿着這條社會主義現代化道路前進，中國必將會有一個更加光明的未來。

Tomorrow's China will be an economically advanced country with its people enjoying prosperity. To pursue economic development and improve people's lives has always been the top priority of the Chinese government. We will stick to scientific development, work hard to shift the model of economic development and achieve green, low-carbon and sustainable development. We will expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, fully tap into the potential for consumption of urban and rural population, and make consumption the fundamental driver of economic growth. We will redouble efforts to improve public welfare, create jobs, and develop education, health and other social programs on a priority basis. We will deepen the reform of income distribution, increase the income of urban and rural households and speed up the establishment of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents. We will ensure that what is achieved in development will be shared by the Chinese people of all ethnic groups.
未來的中國，將是一個經濟發達、人民富裕的國家。集中精力發展經濟，不斷改善人民生活，始終是中國政府的第一要務。我們將堅持科學發展，着力轉變經濟發展方式，走綠色、低碳、可持續的發展道路。我們將擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，進一步釋放城鄉居民消費潛力，使消費成爲拉動經濟增長的根本動力。我們將更加註重改善民生，努力擴大就業，優先發展教育、衛生等公共事業，深化收入分配製度改革，增加城鄉居民收入，加快建立覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系，讓各族人民共享發展成果。

Science and technology hold the key to China's economic prosperity and sustainable development. The Chinese government has adopted the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development. Government R&D investment has reached nearly 100 billion U.S. dollars in the past five years, growing at an average annual rate of 22.7 percent. Under the 12th Five-Year Plan which starts this year, R&D funding as a percentage of China's GDP will rise to 2.2 percent from the current 1.75 percent. At the same time, we will accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries, with priority given to energy conservation, environmental protection, new generation of information technology, biotechnology, advanced equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials and new energy powered automobile. These efforts will boost our development at present, and provide strong support for our development in the long run.
中國經濟的振興和可持續發展，根本靠科技。中國政府已經制定並組織實施了國家中長期科技發展規劃。我們持續增加科技投入，近五年，中央財政共投入近1000億美元，年均增長22.7%。從今年開始實施的“十二五”規劃，我們力爭把研究開發投入佔國內生產總值的比重從現在的1.75%提高到2.2%。同時，我們將加快培育和發展戰略性新興產業。現階段重點培育和發展節能環保、新一代信息技術、生物、高端設備製造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽車等產業。所有這些，都將促進當前發展併爲長期發展提供有力支撐。

Globally, science and technology are also crucial for overcoming the financial crisis and ensuring stable, balanced and sustainable economic development. The world is seeing the advent of a new revolution in science and technology and a new industrial revolution. Exciting breakthroughs will be made in many fields. This new revolution in science and technology will deepen our understanding of the universe, nature and ourselves as human beings. It will open up new frontiers, unleash productive forces, create new social demand and exert a profound impact on mode of production, way of life and way of thinking. The revolution in science and technology will thus bring about a fundamental change in the development of human society in the 21st century. Science and technology know no borders. Let us together embrace the arrival of this great era.
從世界範圍看，克服國際金融危機，保證經濟的穩定、平衡和可持續發展，根本也要靠科技。當今世界正處於新科技革命的前夜，新技術革命和產業革命初現端倪， 諸多領域正醞釀着激動人心的重大突破。這場新科技革命，必將進一步深化我們對宇宙自然和人類自身的認識，必將開闢生產力發展的新空間，創造新的社會需求， 必將深刻影響人類的生產方式、生活方式和思維方式，從而從根本上改變21世紀人類社會發展進程。科技無國界。讓我們共同迎接這一偉大時代的到來！

Tomorrow's China will be a country that fully achieves democracy, the rule of law, fairness and justice. The struggles against feudal autocracy in the human history gave birth to the concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality and human rights. These ideas have greatly emancipated the human mind, although they may be achieved in different ways and forms in different societies and countries. People's democracy is the soul of socialism. Without democracy, there is no socialism. Without freedom, there is no real democracy. Without guarantee of economic and political rights, there is no real freedom. To be frank, corruption, unfair income distribution and other ills that harm people's rights and interests still exist in China. The best way to resolve these problems is to firmly advance the political structural reform and build socialist democracy under the rule of law.
未來的中國，將是一個充分實現民主法治、公平正義的國家。在人類歷史上，在反對封建專制鬥爭中形成的民主、法治、自由、平等、人權等觀念，是人類精神的一 次大解放。只是不同社會、不同國家，實現的途徑和形式有所不同。人民民主是社會主義的生命，沒有民主就沒有社會主義。真正的民主離不開自由。真正的自由離 不開經濟權利和政治權利的保障。坦率地說，目前中國社會還存在着貪污腐敗、分配不公以及損害人民羣衆權益的種種弊端。解決這些問題的根本途徑，是堅定不移 地推進政治體制改革，建設社會主義民主法治國家。

We are committed to respecting and protecting human rights. Pursuant to the law, we protect the right of all members of society to equal participation and development. We will improve mechanisms for checking and supervising government powers so as to ensure that these powers entrusted by the people are exercised in people's interests. China was long under the influence of feudalism. After the founding of New China, the country went through the turmoil of the decade-long Cultural Revolution. Since China opened itself, some new developments and problems have occurred. To promote democracy, improve the legal system and strengthen effective oversight of power remains a long and arduous task for us. We need to create conditions for people to oversee and criticize the government to make the government live up to its responsibility and prevent corruption. With a keen sense of responsibility and democracy, people will spur social progress. The more the people participate in social management and public affairs, the greater the momentum there will be to sustain social progress.
我們要尊重和保障人權，依法保障全體社會成員平等參與、平等發展的權利。我們要健全對政府權力的制約和監督機制，保證人民賦予的權力真正爲人民謀 福利。中國曾經是封建主義影響很深的國家，新中國成立後曾經歷十年“文革”的浩劫，在開放的環境下又出現一些新的情況和問題。發揚民主，健全法制，加強對 權力的有效監督，仍然是一項長期而艱鉅的任務。我們要創造條件讓人民監督和批評政府，使政府不敢懈怠、避免產生腐敗。人民的責任感和民主精神，將帶動社會 的進步。人民參與社會管理和公共事務越多，推動社會進步的能量就越大。

In recent years, while deepening the economic structural reform, we have actively and steadily advanced the political structural reform. Much progress has been made in making government decision-making sound and democratic and enhancing public oversight of the government. For example, we have made government affairs and budgets more transparent and introduced such practices as e-government, public hearing and expert consulting. During the past three years, before I delivered the Report on the Work of the Government each year, I had an online dialogue with the public. During this year's dialogue with the public in spring on the website of the Xinhua News Agency, I received over 400,000 posts and more than 110,000 text messages, and the webpage was visited nearly 300 million times. I opened my heart to the people, and this direct engagement enabled me to learn about what is on their minds and what they want from the government. This helps the government improve its performance.
近些年來，我們在深化經濟體制改革的同時，積極穩妥地推進政治體制改革。在推進政府決策科學化、民主化，加強人民對政府的監督等方面，也有許多進步。例 如，實行政務公開，政府預算公開，推行電子政務、聽證制度和專家諮詢制度等。我已連續三年在作《政府工作報告》之前，在網上同網民交流。今年春，我在新華 網在線交流時，收到網民來貼40多萬條，手機信息11萬多條，頁面訪問量近3億人次。同這些普通民衆的交流，是心對心的交流，可以直接體察人民的喜怒哀樂 和對政府的訴求，有利於改進政府工作。

Tomorrow's China will be a more open, inclusive, culturally advanced and harmonious country. A country or a nation will grow and progress only when it is open and inclusive. Only an open country can introduce all that is advanced and useful. And only an inclusive society can enrich and strengthen itself by drawing on the strengths of fine foreign cultures.
未來的中國，將是一個更加開放包容、文明和諧的國家。一個國家、一個民族，只有開放包容，才能發展進步。唯有開放，先進和有用的東西才能進得來；唯有包容，吸收借鑑優秀文化，才能使自己充實和強大起來。

We should not only continue to open up in economic, scientific and technological fields, but also boldly learn from others in promoting cultural progress and social management. In its modernization drive, China has encountered various problems in he fields of energy, the environment, wealth distribution, judicial justice and government integrity. These are problems that many developed countries have run into before. We will learn from the successful experience of other countries while avoiding their mistakes. We will work with the rest of the international community to address common challenges facing the world.
我們不僅要在經濟領域、科技領域繼續擴大對外開放，而且在文化建設、社會管理等領域也要大膽博採衆長。中國在推進現代化過程中遇到的諸多問題，如能源問題、環境問題、貧富差距問題、司法公正問題和廉政問題等，許多發達國家都曾經遇到過。對各國的成功經驗，我們要認真借鑑；對別人走過的彎路，我們不應重複；對世界面臨的難題，我們要同國際社會一道來破解。

We should create a better political environment and a freer academic atmosphere in which people can pursue truth, exercise reasoning and respect science, in which the mysteries of nature, the laws governing society and the true meaning of life can be fully explored. The spirit of independence and freedom in thinking is particularly important in academic studies and research. It was in an environment of academic freedom that great scientists like Isaac Newton, who had a profound impact on human history, were able to bring out their best, probe issues not questioned by predecessors and blaze a new trail. In my recent conversation with some Chinese scientists, I called for creating an environment which encourages innovation, criticism and risk-taking and tolerates failure, an environment that encourages free exploration of new things and stimulates academic debate.
我們要創造更加良好的政治環境和更加自由的學術氛圍，讓人民追求真理、崇尚理性、尊重科學，探索自然的奧祕、社會的法則和人生的真諦。做學問、搞科研，尤 其需要倡導“獨立之精神，自由之思想”。正因爲有了充分的學術自由，像牛頓這樣在人類歷史上具有偉大影響的科學家，才能夠思潮奔騰、才華迸發，敢於思考前 人從未思考過的問題，敢於踏進前人從未涉足的領域。不久前，我同中國科學家交流時提出，要大力營造敢於創造、敢冒風險、敢於批判和寬容失敗的環境，鼓勵自 由探索，提倡學術爭鳴。

We have always called for respecting the diversity of civilizations and advocated dialogue, exchanges and cooperation among them. The late Mr. Fei Xiaotong, a well-known Chinese sociologist, received his PhD at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the 1930s. Having gone through many vicissitudes in life, he concluded in his late years that "The world will be a harmonious place if people appreciate their own beauty and that of others, and work together to create beauty in the world." These thoughts best illustrate the open and inclusive mindset of China today.
我們歷來主張尊重世界文明的多樣性，倡導不同文明之間的對話、交流與合作。我國已故著名社會學家費孝通先生，上世紀30年代曾就讀於倫敦政治經濟學院並獲得博士學位，一生飽經滄桑。他在晚年提出：“各美其美，美人之美，美美與共，世界大同。”費老先生的這一人生感悟，生動反映了當代中國人開放包容的胸懷。

Tomorrow's China will be a country committed to peaceful development and ready to shoulder its responsibilities. To pursue peaceful development is a strategic decision made by the Chinese government and people in keeping with the trend of the times and based on our own interests. Only such a pursuit will enable China to embrace economic globalization and achieve modernization. China's peaceful development is an opportunity rather than a threat to the rest of the world. China has become an engine driving global economic growth, having contributed to over 20 percent of world economic growth each year in the past five years. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has imported close to 750 billion U.S. dollars of goods every year, creating over 14 million jobs for relevant countries and regions. China's import is expected to exceed 8 trillion U.S. dollars in the next five years, and this will provide more business opportunities for other countries.
未來的中國，將是一個堅持和平發展、勇於擔當的國家。走和平發展道路，是中國政府和人民根據時代潮流和自身利益作出的戰略抉擇，是中國積極參與經濟全球化、最終實現現代化的必由之路。中國的和平發展，對世界不是威脅，而是機遇。中國已經成爲世界經濟增長的重要引擎，近五年對世界經濟增長的貢獻率在20%以上。自2001年中國加入世界貿易組織以來，年均進口近7500億美元商品，爲相關國家和地區創造了1400多萬個就業崗位。未來5年，中國進口規模累計有望超過8萬億美元，將給世界各國帶來更多商機。

The 21st century should be a century of cooperation rather than conflict and rivalry. China is committed to upholding world peace. We have consistently called for settling international disputes by peaceful means and opposed the use of force. China will work with the rest of the international community to undertake responsibilities, meet challenges and make the international system more equitable, just and inclusive.
21世紀應是合作的世紀，而不是衝突和爭霸的世紀。中國是世界和平的堅定維護者。我們一貫主張和平解決國際爭端，反對使用武力。中國將同國際社會一道，共擔責任、共迎挑戰，繼續推動國際體系朝着更加公平、公正、包容的方向發展。

Ladies and Gentlemen,
女士們、先生們：

To build socialism with distinctive Chinese features is the solemn choice made by the 1.3 billion Chinese people. China owes the success of its transformation in the past 30-odd years to reform and opening-up. And China must deepen reform and opening-up to sustain its future development. Reform and opening-up will be carried out in the entire process of China's modernization endeavor. To stall or reverse course is not an option for China. We must move on with confidence. Only by doing so can China turn itself into a prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced, modern and harmonious socialist country, and can the Chinese people enjoy a happy life with dignity in a more extensive way and at a higher level. Whatever difficulties and obstacles may lie ahead, they cannot block this historical process!
建設有中國特色的社會主義，是13億中國人民的莊嚴選擇。中國30多年的變化，得益於改革開放；中國未來的發展，仍然要靠改革開放。改革開放，要貫穿中國現代化建設的始終。倒退沒有出路，停滯也沒有出路。只有堅定信心、繼續前進，中國才能建設成爲富強、民主、文明、和諧的社會主義現代化國家，中國人民才能更加普遍和以更高水準過上有尊嚴的幸福生活。儘管前進的道路上還會有這樣那樣的艱難險阻，但這一歷史進程不可逆轉！

Ladies and Gentlemen,
女士們、先生們：

The United Kingdom is a developed country and the first to achieve industrialization. Its advanced technologies and managerial expertise in research, higher education, financial services, public health and medical services and its development of low-carbon economy can well meet China's demand. On China's part, its vast market, abundant human resources and huge development potential can help boost UK's economic growth. The Chinese government encourages large Chinese companies, research-oriented universities and research institutions to increase cooperation with their British counterparts. It also encourages more exchange of top-level talents and joint research between our two countries.
英國是世界上最早實現工業化的發達國家，在高科技、高等教育、金融服務、醫療衛生、低碳經濟等領域，都具有中國所需要的技術和管理經驗。中國廣闊的市場、 豐富的人力資源和巨大的發展潛力，可以爲英國經濟發展提供有力的支持。中國政府積極推進大型企業、研究型大學和科研機構同英國的合作，鼓勵雙方高端人才的 交流和合作研究。

Francis Bacon said, "A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds." The Chinese and British people, with vision and creativity, can certainly create more opportunities and lift our cooperation to a new level. I have every confidence in and great expectation for the future of China-UK relations.
英國偉大思想家培根說過，“智者創造機會，而不是等待機會”。富有思想和智慧的中英兩國人民，一定能創造更多的機會，推動兩國合作邁上新的臺階！我對中英關係的明天充滿信心，更充滿期待！

Thank you.
謝謝大家！