溫總理年夏季達沃斯論壇演講實錄

實現更長時期、更高水平、更好質量的發展
Promote Sound, Sustainable and Quality Development

——在2011年夏季達沃斯論壇上的講話
中華人民共和國國務院總理　溫家寶
2011年9月14日 中國大連
--Speech by Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of New Champions 2011
Dalian, 14 September 2011

尊敬的克勞斯·施瓦布主席，
女士們，先生們：

Professor Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum,
Ladies and Gentlemen,

首先，我對第五屆夏季達沃斯論壇的召開表示衷心祝賀！對各位嘉賓的到來表示熱烈歡迎！夏季達沃斯論壇已經走過了五個年頭，五年的論壇形成了一個宗旨，這就是面向世界、面向未來、面向創新、面向青年。會議安排了多種形式的討論，開得生動活潑、充滿朝氣，特別在金融危機的困難時期，給世界傳遞了希望的聲音，帶來了信心和勇氣。本次論壇以“關注增長質量，掌控經濟格局”爲主題，反映了大家對推動經濟強勁、可持續、平衡增長的共識與期待。我祝願本次論壇獲得圓滿成功！

I wish to extend warm congratulations on the opening of the fifth Annual Meeting of the New Champions, or the Summer Davos, and a sincere welcome to you all. It's been five years since the launch of the Summer Davos. In these five years, the Summer Davos has set a clear objective for itself, that is, it is a forum for the world, for the future, for innovation and for the youth. The diverse forms of discussions conducted during the forum are lively and vibrant. In particular, during the difficult times of the financial crisis, the forum sent out a message of hope and brought confidence and courage to the world. The theme of this year's meeting - Mastering Quality Growth - represents people's shared desire for robust, sustainable and balanced economic growth, and I wish the meeting a great success.

國際金融危機爆發至今已經三年，國際組織、各國政府、企業界和專家學者都在深刻反思，探究危機產生的原因，尋求世界經濟和各國經濟未來發展之路。對中國經濟發展的成就，有喝彩的，也有懷疑的；對中國經濟的未來，有看好的，也有唱衰的。對此，我們的頭腦是清醒的，胸中是有數的，信心是堅定的。

Three years have passed since the outbreak of the international financial crisis. International organizations, governments, the business communities and the academia are all taking a hard look at the root causes of the crisis and exploring ways to sustain the growth of both the global economy and national economies. With regard to China's economic development, some people have hailed its achievements, while some others have expressed doubt. Some are optimistic about China's economic future, while some others say that China is in trouble. But we in China remain level-headed. We are clear about the situation and we are fully confident about our future.

新世紀頭十年，是世界政治經濟格局大調整、大變革的十年，是中國工業化、城鎮化快速發展的十年，也是我們全面推進改革開放和現代化建設取得輝煌成就的十年。

The first decade of this century has seen major changes in the global political and economic landscape. It has also seen rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. Great progress has been made in China's comprehensive reform, opening-up and modernization endeavor during this decade.

這十年，中國經濟年均增長10.5%，國內生產總值由世界第六位上升到第二位，對外貿易總額由第七位上升到第二位；產業結構優化升級，農業基礎不斷加強，中西部地區發展加快，各具特色的區域發展格局初步形成；各項社會事業蓬勃發展，城鄉居民收入大幅提高。中國經濟實力、綜合國力、人民生活水平邁上新臺階，國家面貌發生了翻天覆地的變化。

Over the last ten years, China's economy has been growing by 10.5% annually. Its GDP and trade volume respectively rose from the sixth and seventh place to the second place in the world. China's industrial structure is being upgraded; the foundation of its agriculture has grown stronger; development in the central and western provinces has picked up speed; and a mode of regional development with each region tapping its distinctive strength has taken shape. Social services are thriving; and urban and rural income has risen substantially. China has taken on a completely new look as its total economic output and overall national strength significantly increased and people's living standards greatly improved.

我們堅持用改革的辦法破解發展難題，不斷完善社會主義市場經濟體制。在財稅、金融、農村、企業、資源價格等領域推出一系列重大改革，使微觀經濟活力和宏觀管理能力明顯增強，市場配置資源效率明顯提高。全面推進社會事業發展，實現真正免費的九年義務教育，覆蓋城鄉的社會保障體系初步形成，保障性住房建設加快推進，使“學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居”的理想逐步變成現實。通過改革，我們進一步破除了制約發展的各種障礙，調動了廣大人民的積極性、主動性、創造性，使勞動、資本、知識、技術和管理的活力競相迸發，成爲社會財富迅速增加的源泉。

We have continued to resolve challenging issues in development by carrying out reform and steadily improved the socialist market economy. An array of important reform measures have been introduced in taxation, finance, enterprises, rural areas and resource prices. These measures have enhanced the vitality of the micro-economy and macro-regulation and raised the efficiency of market allocation of resources. We have made full progress in expanding social services. Nationwide free nine-year compulsory education has been achieved. A basic social security system covering both urban and rural areas has been put in place. Construction of government-subsidized housing is being accelerated. The cherished goal of the Chinese that everyone should have access to education, employment and pay, medical and old-age care and housing is becoming a reality. Through reform, we are removing bottlenecks hampering development and have released the initiative, enthusiasm and entrepreneurial spirit of the Chinese people. This, in turn, has fully activated factors such as labor, capital, knowledge, technology and management, which form the source of rapidly increasing social wealth.

我們堅持互利共贏的開放戰略，提升開放型經濟水平。以2001年加入世界貿易組織爲契機，加快轉變外貿發展方式，調整進出口結構，促進加工貿易轉型升級，大力發展服務貿易。把“引進來”與“走出去”結合起來，推動對外投資與利用外資協調發展。積極參與全球經濟治理機制改革和區域合作機制建設，不斷深化雙邊與多邊經貿合作。今天的中國，已經是一個全面開放的市場經濟國家。對外開放不僅有力促進了中國發展，改善了本國人民福祉，也成爲促進區域和世界經濟發展的重要力量。

We are pursuing a win-win strategy of opening-up to increase the openness of China's economy. Since joining the WTO in 2001, we have speeded up efforts to change the way of conducting foreign trade, improved the import and export mix, upgraded the processing trade and vigorously developed trade in services. We have pursued the dual strategy of introducing foreign capital and encouraging Chinese companies to invest overseas to achieve greater balance between the use of FDI and overseas Chinese investment. We have taken an active part in the reform of the global economic governance structure and the building of regional cooperation mechanisms, and worked to deepen bilateral and multilateral economic and trade relations. China today is a fully open market economy. The opening-up policy has both benefited China's development and the well-being of its people and contributed to regional and global economic growth.女士們，先生們：

Ladies and Gentlemen,

步入21世紀第二個十年，中國的發展進入新的歷史階段，仍處在重要戰略機遇期。和平、發展、合作仍是時代潮流，國際環境總體上有利於我國和平發展；我國工業化、城鎮化和農業現代化深入發展，國內市場潛力巨大，國民儲蓄率較高，科技和教育整體水平提升，勞動力素質改善，改革不斷深化，社會大局保持穩定，這些都爲經濟社會發展創造了有利條件、開闢了廣闊空間。我們也深刻認識到，我國發展中不平衡、不協調、不可持續的問題仍然突出，制約科學發展的體制機制障礙依然較多。隨着經濟總量不斷擴大，保持我國經濟在更長時期內高速增長的難度在加大。但國際國內形勢新變化沒有改變中國發展的基本面，我們完全有條件、有能力、有信心繼續保持經濟平穩較快發展，推動經濟發展再上新臺階。

With its development entering a new historical stage in the second decade of the 21st century, China is in an important period of strategic opportunities. Peace, development and cooperation remain the trend of our times. The international environment is generally conducive to China's pursuit of peaceful development. Numerous factors - continuous industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, huge market potential, a relatively high savings rate, better R&D capacity, better education, a more skilled labor force, deepening reform and overall stability - have created enabling conditions and vast space for continued economic and social development in China. On the other hand, we are still facing a pressing problem, that is, China's development is not yet balanced, coordinated and sustainable and there are many institutional constraints hindering scientific development. As the size of the Chinese economy grows, it will become difficult to keep high-speed growth over a long period of time. However, the new developments, both internationally and in China, have not changed the fundamentals of China's development. We have the right conditions, and we have both the ability and confidence to maintain steady and fairly fast growth of the economy and bring China's economy to a new stage of development.

“十二五”是中國全面建設小康社會的關鍵時期。我們充分考慮未來發展趨勢和條件，與我國2020年奮鬥目標緊密銜接，確立了今後5年發展的總體方向和戰略任務，突出體現了加快轉變經濟發展方式、實現科學發展、讓全體人民共享改革發展成果的要求。

The current 12th Five-year Plan period is a critical stage in China's efforts to build a society of initial prosperity in all respects. Taking into full consideration the future trend and conditions as well as China's goals for 2020 and responding to the need for changing the model of growth at a faster pace, achieving scientific development and bringing the benefits of reform and development to all the people, we have set the following goals and strategic tasks for these five years:

——中國將堅持實施擴大內需戰略，着力調整優化需求結構，增強消費需求拉動力。立足內需是大國實現經濟可持續增長的內在要求和必然選擇。中國有佔世界20%的人口，人均國內生產總值超過4000美元，進入到消費結構升級的關鍵階段，提高城鄉居民消費水平和生活質量，加強經濟社會發展薄弱環節，都孕育着巨大的國內需求。我們將着力構建擴大消費需求的長效機制，營造良好消費環境，改善居民消費預期，增強居民消費能力，促進消費結構升級。把擴大消費與推進城鎮化、保障改善民生有機結合起來，與加快發展服務業有機結合起來，力爭使城鎮化率再提高4個百分點，服務業增加值佔國內生產總值比重再提高4個百分點，使最終需求成爲拉動我國經濟增長的強勁動力。

- China will continue to follow the strategy of expanding domestic demand, with focus on improving the structure of demand and increasing consumer demand to drive economic stic demand is crucial and a necessary choice for a big country to achieve sustainable economic growth. China has 20% of the world's population. With its per capita GDP exceeding US$4,000, China has entered a key stage for upgrading consumption structure. To upgrade consumption and raise the quality of life for urban and rural population and strengthen weak links in economic and social development will generate enormous domestic demand. We will endeavor to build a long-term mechanism for expanding consumer demand, create a favorable environment for consumption, improve consumer expectation, boost spending power and upgrade consumption structure. We will expand consumption in the course of advancing urbanization, protecting and improving people's well-being and speeding up the development of service industries. We aim to make urbanization grow by another 4 percentage points, and raise the share of the value added created by service industries in GDP by another 4 percentage points, so that final demand will become a major force driving China's economic growth.

——中國將堅持優先發展教育，全面提高人的素質，把經濟發展建立在提高人力資本質量的基礎上。對於中國這樣的發展中大國，大力提升教育水平，全面提高人的素質，是經濟發展的優勢、動力和源泉。我們要儘快把經濟增長從依靠增加人力資本數量轉變到依靠提升人力資本質量上來。這是適應技術進步、轉變經濟發展方式的需要，是適應人口結構變化、實現可持續發展的關鍵。我們要全面落實國家中長期教育規劃綱要，更好地統籌發展各級各類教育，大力促進教育公平，全面實施素質教育，着力培養創新型人才，推動教育事業科學發展，加快從教育大國向教育強國、人力資源大國向人力資源強國邁進。這將爲中國經濟持續發展提供強大的智力支撐。

- China will continue to develop education as a priority, bring about all-round human development, and promote economic development on the basis of improving the quality of human a major developing country like China, boosting education and improving quality of human resources will drive economic development and make it more competitive. We will act quickly to achieve economic growth by increasing the quality of human capital rather than by just using more workers. This will enable us to catch up with the progress in technology and change the model of growth, and it holds the key for us to adapt to demographic changes and achieve sustainable development. We will fully implement the outline of the national medium- and long-term plan for education and promote balanced development of education at different levels and of various types. We will ensure equitable education for all, promote well-rounded development of people, train innovation-oriented talents, and advance education in a scientific manner. And we will move faster to make China not only a big country but also a strong country in both education and human resources. This will provide strong intellectual impetus for sustaining China's economic development.

——中國將堅持創新驅動，加快建設國家創新體系，大力增強科技對經濟社會發展的支撐能力。加快轉變經濟發展方式，必須依靠科技支撐和引領。“十二五”時期，我們要把科技工作擺在更加突出的位置，深化科技體制改革，從根本上解決科技與經濟脫節的問題；加大科技投入，把研究與試驗發展經費支出佔國內生產總值的比重從1.75%提高到2.2%。瞄準世界科技發展前沿，加強基礎研究和戰略高技術研究，集中力量突破一批覈心關鍵技術。提升知識產權創造、應用、保護、管理能力，激發全社會創新活力。加快應用新技術、新材料、新工藝、新裝備改造提升傳統產業。大力培育和發展戰略性新興產業，現階段重點培育和發展節能環保、新一代信息技術、生物、高端裝備製造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽車等產業，力爭形成新的支柱性產業，在新一輪科技革命和產業革命中贏得發展的主動權。

- China will continue to build an innovation-driven society, speed up the development of an innovation system, and enhance the role of science and technology in driving economic and social development. R&D is crucial in guiding our efforts to accelerate the change of growth model. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, we will give greater priority to R&D, deepen reform of science and technology institutions, and address the root causes of R&D not fully meeting the need of economic development. We will increase input in science and technology and raise the share of budget for R&D in GDP from 1.75% to 2.2%. We will follow closely the latest progress in overseas frontier technologies, strengthen basic research and the research of high technologies of strategic importance, and pool resources to make breakthroughs in developing core technologies. We will enhance capacity to create, utilize, protect and manage intellectual property rights and bring into play the creativity of the whole society. We will accelerate the upgrading of traditional industries by using new technologies, new materials, new techniques and new equipment. We will vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, with a focus at this stage on industries related to energy conservation, environmental protection, new-generation information technology, biotechnology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials and new energy vehicles. Our goal is to develop new pillar industries so as to gain initiative for development in the new scientific revolution and industrial revolution.

——中國將堅持節約資源和保護環境，走綠色、低碳、可持續的發展道路，顯著提高資源利用效率和應對氣候變化能力。節約資源、保護環境是實現可持續發展的必由之路，是我國的一項基本國策。我們將加快構建有利於節約資源和保護環境的產業結構、生產方式和消費模式，促進人與自然的和諧統一。“十二五”期間，把非化石能源佔一次能源消費比重提高到11.4%，單位國內生產總值能源消耗和二氧化碳排放分別降低16%和17%，主要污染物排放總量減少8%至10%。我們要健全法規和標準，強化目標責任考覈，理順能源資源價格體系，加強財稅、金融等政策支持，推動循環經濟發展，大力培育以低碳排放爲特徵的工業、建築和交通體系，全面推進節能、節水、節地、節材和資源綜合利用，保護與修復生態，增加森林碳匯，全面增強應對氣候變化能力。

- China will continue to save resources and protect the environment, follow the path of green, low-carbon and sustainable development, use resources in a more efficient way, and develop stronger capacity for tackling climate change. To conserve resources and protect the environment is crucial to achieving sustainable development, and this is one of China's basic state policies. We will speed up the building of an industrial structure, a mode of production and a model of consumption that are conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection, and promote harmony between man and nature. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, we will raise the share of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to 11.4%, reduce energy consumption and C02 emission per unit of GDP by 16% and 17% respectively, and cut total discharge of major pollutants by 8%-10%. We will improve laws, regulations and standards, strengthen performance-based accountability, overhaul the pricing mechanism for energy and resources and increase fiscal, taxation, financial and other policy incentives. We will promote circular economy, develop low-carbon industrial, construction and transportation systems, promote energy, water, land and material conservation and integrated resource utilization, preserve and repair the eco-system, increase forest carbon sink, and build stronger capacity for tackling climate change.——中國將堅持以人爲本，更加重視保障改善民生，走共同富裕的道路。我們所做的一切都是爲了讓全體人民生活得更好，這是檢驗我們一切工作的標準。我們要以共享發展成果爲目標，以保障改善民生爲重點，全面推進社會建設。堅持把增加就業作爲經濟社會發展的優先目標，爲全體勞動者創造公平的就業機會。調整國民收入分配格局，努力實現居民收入增長和經濟發展同步、勞動報酬增長和勞動生產率提高同步，逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。城鎮居民人均可支配收入和農村居民人均純收入年均增長超過7%。實現城鄉基本養老、基本醫療保障的制度全覆蓋，全國城鎮保障性住房覆蓋面達到20%。

- China will continue to put people's interests first, pay more attention to ensuring and improving people's well-being and pursue common prosperity. Everything we do is to enable all the people to have better lives, and this is the criterion to measure the performance of all of our work. Our goal is to bring the benefit of development to all, ensure and improve people's well-being, and advance social progress in all respects. We will give priority to job creation in promoting economic and social development and create equitable job opportunities for all. We will adjust income distribution, ensure that personal income grows in step with economic growth and that labor remuneration grows in step with increase of productivity. We will gradually raise the share of personal income in national income distribution and the share of labor remuneration in primary distribution. We expect that per capita urban disposable income and per capita rural net income will both grow by more than 7% annually. We will put in place systems providing basic old-age care and basic medical and health care for the whole urban and rural population, and extend the coverage of government-subsidized housing to 20% of the urban population.

——中國將繼續深化改革開放，堅決破除體制機制障礙，進一步增強可持續發展動力。中國過去30多年的快速發展，靠的是改革開放，未來的發展進步，也必須依靠改革開放。我們要繼續推進經濟體制和政治體制改革，爲經濟社會發展注入強大動力。堅持和完善基本經濟制度，加快財稅金融、要素價格、壟斷行業等重點領域改革，力爭取得明顯進展。堅持依法治國，從制度上改變權力過分集中而又得不到制約的狀況，保障人民的民主權利和合法權益，維護社會公平正義。

- China will continue to deepen reform and opening-up and resolutely remove institutional hurdles to increase the momentum of pursuing sustainable development. China owes its rapid development in the past 30 years and more to reform and opening-up, and this will be equally true for its future development and progress. We will continue to advance both economic and political structural reform to create strong impetus for economic and social development. We will uphold and improve the basic economic system, speed up fiscal, taxation and financial reform, reform of prices of factors of production, reform of monopoly sectors and other important fields, and strive to make major progress in these reforms. We will exercise governance pursuant to law and address the institutional causes for over-concentration of power and lack of checks on it. We will protect people's democratic rights and their lawful rights and interests so as to uphold fairness and justice.

中國的發展離不開世界，世界的發展需要中國。這裏我重申，中國的對外開放是長期的、全面的、互利的，中國堅持對外開放的基本國策決不會改變。我們將繼續積極參與經濟全球化的進程，推動建設公正合理的國際貿易體系和金融體制。我們將繼續完善涉外經濟法律法規和政策，使中國的投資環境變得更加規範、更加透明、更加有利於各類企業投資興業。

China cannot develop itself in isolation from the world and the world also needs China for its development. Here, I wish to reiterate that China's opening-up to the outside world is a long-term commitment which covers all fields and is mutually beneficial. China's basic state policy of opening-up will never change. We will continue to get actively involved in economic globalization and work to build a fair and equitable international trading regime and financial system. We will continue to improve foreign-related economic laws, regulations and policies so as to make China's investment environment in keeping with international standard, transparent and more business friendly.

女士們，先生們：

Ladies and Gentlemen,

目前，世界經濟正在緩慢復甦，但不穩定和不確定性加大。無論發達經濟體還是新興經濟體，經濟增速都出現回落；一些國家主權債務風險增大，引起國際金融市場急劇動盪；主要發達經濟體失業率居高不下，新興經濟體通脹壓力上升。這些表明了世界經濟復甦的長期性、艱鉅性、複雜性。2009年年初，我在達沃斯論壇上曾經說過：這是一場全球性的挑戰，戰勝危機要靠信心、合作和責任，它也檢驗着國際社會加強合作的誠意和水平，考驗着我們的智慧。今天，我的看法沒有改變。國際社會要進一步增強信心，加強合作，共同應對挑戰。要加強宏觀經濟政策溝通協調，加快建立公正、合理、健康、穩定的世界經濟新秩序。各國政府要真正承擔起責任，把自己的事情做好，主要發達經濟體要採取負責任、起作用的財政、貨幣政策，妥善處理債務問題，保持市場投資安全和穩定運行，維護全球投資者信心。

While the world economy is slowly recovering, uncertainties and destabilizing factors are growing. Both the advanced and emerging economies have experienced slowdown in growth. Sovereign debt risks are growing in some countries, causing turbulence on the international financial market. Unemployment in major advanced economies remains high, while emerging economies are facing upward inflationary this shows that world economic recovery will be a long-term, difficult and complicated process. In addressing the Davos forum in early 2009,1 said that the crisis is a global challenge. To overcome the crisis, we need to have confidence, strengthen cooperation and live up to our responsibility. The crisis also puts to the test the international community's sincerity for and commitment to cooperation, and it puts to the test our wisdom. I still hold this view today. The international community must have more confidence, enhance cooperation and jointly tackle the challenges. We should strengthen dialogue and coordination on macroeconomic policy and accelerate the building of a just, equitable, sound and stable new world economic order. Governments should fulfill their responsibilities and put their own house in order. The major developed economies should adopt responsible and effective fiscal and monetary policies, properly handle debt issues, ensure the safety and stable operation of investment in the market, and maintain confidence of investors around the world.

中國當前的經濟形勢總體上是好的。今年以來，經濟增長由政策刺激向自主增長有序轉變，繼續朝着宏觀調控的預期方向發展。上半年國內生產總值增長9.6%，貿易順差減少17.6%，內需的作用增大；城鎮新增就業655萬人，物價漲幅總體可控，重要商品市場供應得到較好保障；結構調整積極推進，企業效益和財政收入較快增長；居民收入穩步提高，人民生活進一步改善。二季度後經濟增速略爲放緩，在很大程度上是主動調控的結果，沒有超出預期。我們將針對經濟運行中的突出矛盾，繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，保持宏觀經濟政策的連續性、穩定性，根據形勢變化提高政策的針對性、靈活性、前瞻性，切實把握好宏觀調控的力度、節奏和重點，處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構、管理通脹預期三者的關係，保持物價總水平基本穩定，防止經濟出現大的波動，努力實現今年經濟社會發展目標。

China's economy is generally in good shape. Since the beginning of this year, its economic growth has taken an orderly shift from being driven by policy stimulus to self-generating growth, moving in the right direction of macroeconomic regulation. In the first half of this year, China's GDP grew by 9.6%, and its trade surplus decreased by 17.6%, thanks to increasing domestic consumption. A total of 6.55 million urban jobs have been created. Price rises as a whole are under control, market supply of important goods is ensured and structural adjustment of economic sectors is moving forward. Business profits and government revenues are increasing quite fast. People's income has steadily increased, and their lives have further improved. Since the second quarter, the economic growth has dropped somewhat, but this is mostly the result of proactive macro regulation and is not beyond our expectation. We will address the pressing challenges in the economy and continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. We will maintain continuity and stability in macroeconomic policy and make our policy responses more targeted, flexible and forward-looking in light of changes in the economy. We will maintain control over the intensity, pace and focus of macroeconomic regulation and strike a balance among maintaining stable and fast economic growth, adjusting economic structure and managing inflation expectation. This will enable us to maintain general stability of prices as a whole, prevent major economic fluctuations and meet this year's goals for economic and social development.

我相信，中國經濟一定能夠實現更長時期、更高水平、更好質量的發展，併爲推動實現世界經濟強勁、可持續、平衡增長做出新的貢獻！我們真誠歡迎各國企業積極參與中國改革開放進程，共享中國繁榮進步的機遇和成果！

I am confident that China's economy will grow over a longer period of time, at a higher level and with better quality and make new contribution to robust, sustainable and balanced growth of the global economy. We sincerely welcome foreign companies to actively involve themselves in China's reform and opening-up process and share the opportunities and benefits of China's prosperity and progress.

謝謝大家！

Thank you.