李源潮副主席在第二屆世界和平論壇上的講話

同心求和平　攜手促安全——在第二屆世界和平論壇上的講話
United in Our Pursuit of Peace and Security—Remarks at the Second World Peace Forum

中華人民共和國副主席 李源潮
Li Yuanchao, Vice President of the People’s Republic of China

2013年6月27日 清華大學
Tsinghua University, 27 June 2013

一年前，首屆世界和平論壇在清華大學成功舉辦，爲各方加強對話交流、共謀世界和平搭建了新的平臺。本屆論壇以“世界變革中的國際安全：和平、發展、創新”爲主題，符合歷史進步的潮流和各國人民的共同願望。
One year ago, the first World Peace Forum was successfully held at Tsinghua University, setting up a new platform for all parties to strengthen dialogue and exchange and jointly seek peace in the world. The theme of this year’s Forum - “International Security in a Changing World: Peace, Development, Innovation”—is in keeping with the trend of historical progress and the common aspiration of people across the world.

縱觀人類歷史，世界上有兩種國家：一種是熱愛和平、靠和平繁榮昌盛的和平國家；一種是熱衷武力、靠發動戰爭爭霸擴張的戰爭國家。戰爭國家爲一己之私侵略他國，本國人民也深受其禍。特別是16世紀以來的500年，殖民主義的侵略和帝國主義的戰爭，給包括中華民族在內的全世界人民造成巨大災難和深重傷痛。而在同時，中國一直堅守睦鄰友好方針，從未發動過侵略戰爭，從未併吞他國領土，從未搞過海外擴張。中國是一個愛好和平、堅守和平、維護和平的和平國家。
A review of human history puts countries into two categories: those for peace and those for war. The former love peace and prosper through peace while the latter favor force and seek hegemony and expansion through war. When those for war invade other countries out of selfish motives, their own people also suffer deeply. In the 500 years since the 16th century, colonial invasions and imperialist wars wreaked havoc and caused untold suffering to people across the world, the Chinese nation included. China, however, has always followed the guiding principle of good-neighborliness and friendship. It has never waged a war of aggression, annexed territory of other countries, or sought expansion abroad. China is a country for peace, who loves, safeguards and upholds peace.

中華民族是追求和平的民族。“和爲貴”、“協和萬邦”、“化干戈爲玉帛”的和平精神，貫穿中華文明的歷史。“絲綢之路”通暢千年，是一條貿易之路、繁榮之路、和平之路、文化之路。鄭和艦隊七下西洋，遠涉亞非30多個國家和地區，是和平之旅、友誼之旅。特別是近代以來，中國人民飽嘗戰禍之苦，消除戰爭、實現和平是中國人民最迫切、最深厚的願望。新中國的成立改變了國家屢受外來侵略、民族任人欺凌的屈辱歷史，中國人民深感和平的來之不易。60多年來，中國堅定奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策。在世界面臨諸多複雜嚴峻挑戰的今天，中共十八大明確提出，中國將繼續高舉和平、發展、合作、共贏的旗幟，致力於維護世界和平、促進共同發展。中國特色社會主義是主張和平的社會主義，中國夢是和平夢。
The Chinese is a peace-seeking nation. The spirit of peace is a defining feature of the Chinese civilization throughout history. Such spirit values peace, seeks good relations among nations and aims to turn swords into ploughshares. The Silk Road, which was in service for a thousand years, was a road for trade, prosperity, peace and culture. Zheng He led seven voyages to the western seas, visiting over 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa. Those were journeys for peace and friendship. In modern times, China suffered from the scourge of war. To eliminate war and achieve peace became the most pressing and profound desire of the Chinese people. The founding of New China put an end to the humiliation and bullying of the Chinese nation at the hands of foreign invaders. The Chinese people are most keenly aware of how precious peace is. Over the past 60 years and more, China has firmly followed an independent foreign policy of peace. Today, in a world faced with a multitude of complex and grave challenges, China will, as clearly articulated at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, continue to uphold peace, development and win-win cooperation and commit itself to maintaining world peace and promoting common development. Socialism with Chinese characteristics stands for peace. The Chinese dream is a dream about peace.

和平是中國對外政策的核心。中國把爭取和平作爲對外政策的首要任務。我們一貫主張，以和平共處五項原則處理國際關係，國家不論大小都平等相待，互相尊重主權和領土完整，互不侵犯，互不干涉內政，平等互利，和平共處，反對以大欺小、以強凌弱，反對霸權主義和強權政治。中國主張以和平方式，通過協商談判解決國際爭端和矛盾衝突，反對動輒訴諸武力或以武力相威脅，反對侵犯別國主權和強行干涉別國內政。歷史遺留衝突要冷靜剋制，用和談、和解的辦法尋求和平解決的新路；現實矛盾要對話、協商，共同尋求和平解決之道。要建立共同維護世界和地區和平的機制，摒棄冷戰思維和結盟對抗，建立多邊合作的安全機制，發揮聯合國維護世界和平的重要作用，協力防止衝突和戰爭。
Peace is at the core of China’s foreign policy. China makes the pursuit of peace the top priority in its foreign policy. We always believe that the international relations should be handled in accordance with the five principles of peaceful co-existence. Countries, big or small, should be treated as equals. All countries should uphold the principles of mutual respect for each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence. China is against the practice of the big and strong bullying the small and weak. We are opposed to hegemony and power politics. China calls for peaceful resolution of international disputes and conflicts through consultation and negotiation. We are opposed to arbitrary use or threat of force, violation of other countries’ sovereignty, and interference in other countries’ internal affairs against their will. When it comes to conflicts left over from the past, calm and restraint should be exercised in order to seek a new path of peaceful solution through talks and reconciliation. For immediate tensions, joint efforts should be made to find peaceful solution through dialogue and consultation. We call for the establishment of mechanisms whereby all countries can work together to maintain regional and global peace. We call on countries to reject the Cold-War mentality and the alliance-or-confrontation mindset, establish security mechanisms featuring multilateral cooperation, let the United Nations play its important role in safeguarding world peace, and work together to prevent conflict and war.中國堅持走和平發展之路。和平是世界人民的第一需要，也是中國人民的第一需要，沒有和平，任何建設事業都無從談起。改革開放30多年，中國靠和平環境實現了發展。現在，中國仍是一個發展中國家，實現現代化還有很長的路要走，需要長期和平穩定的國際環境。將來，發展起來的中國仍然要走和平之路。中國永遠不稱霸、永遠不擴張。這是中國政府向中國人民和世界人民的莊嚴承諾，這是符合中國人民根本利益和世界人民共同利益的國家發展方向選擇。中國的和平發展道路是科學發展之路，堅持以人爲本、全面協調可持續發展，使發展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民；中國的和平發展道路是開放發展之路，更加積極主動融入世界，密切與世界各國的經濟、科技、文化交流，增進與各國人民的理解和友誼；中國的和平發展道路是合作發展之路，擴大與各國的友好合作，在良性競爭中取長補短，以合作謀和平，以合作化干戈，以合作促發展；中國的和平發展道路也是共贏發展之路，中國發展絕不以犧牲別國利益爲代價，在追求本國利益時兼顧他國合理關切，在謀求本國發展中促進各國共同發展。中國堅持走和平發展道路，也希望各國都走和平發展道路，共同爲人類和平發展開闢新的前景。
China is committed to the path of peaceful development. Peace is the primary need for people throughout the world, including the Chinese people. Without peace, there is no development undertaking to speak of. China owes its development in more than 30 years of reform and opening-up to a peaceful environment. Today’s China remains a developing country and has a long way to go before realizing modernization. It still needs a long-term, peaceful and stable international environment. In the future, as China grows stronger, it will continue to follow the path of peace. China will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion. This is a solemn commitment of the Chinese government to its own people and people of other countries. It is also a choice of national development direction that serves the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the shared interests of mankind as a whole. China’s path of peaceful development pursues scientific development, which puts people first, advocates comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable progress, and envisions to bring more development benefits to the entire population in a more equitable way. The path calls for open development, through which China more readily integrates with the rest of the world, and engages in intensive economic, technological and cultural exchanges with other countries to enhance understanding and friendship with people elsewhere. The path champions cooperation-based development, through which China expands friendship and cooperation with other countries. We can learn from each other in healthy competition in order to pursue peace, defuse tension and promote development all through cooperation. The path also seeks win-win development with other countries. China will never seek its own development at the expense of interests of other countries; instead, it accommodates the legitimate concern of other countries while seeking its own interests and works for common development of all while pursuing its own development. China will stick to this path of peaceful development, and hopes that other countries will do the same, so that together we will open up a new horizon of peace and development for mankind.

中國始終是維護世界和平的堅定力量。中國對外政策的目標是爭取世界和平。誰搞和平，我們就擁護；誰搞戰爭和霸權，我們就反對。中國是唯一公開承諾不首先使用核武器、不對無核國家和地區使用核武器的核國家。中國認真履行國際責任和義務，是聯合國115個維和出兵國中派出工兵、運輸和醫療分隊最多的國家。中國在朝核、伊朗核、敘利亞、巴以衝突等地區熱點問題上積極勸和促談，爲緩和緊張局勢、維護地區和平發揮了建設性作用。中國堅持通過對話談判處理同鄰國的領土和海洋權益爭端，已同12個鄰國成功解決了歷史遺留的陸地邊界問題。中國的發展有利於世界和平穩定，中國越發展、越開放，與世界的聯繫越緊密，就越需要一個長期和平穩定的國際環境，就越會成爲維護世界和平的積極因素和堅定力量。
China has always been a staunch force in safeguarding world peace. The goal of China’s foreign policy is to strive for world peace. We support anyone who promotes peace and oppose anyone who seeks war or hegemony. China is the only nuclear state to publicly undertake not to be the first to use nuclear weapons or to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states or nuclear-weapon free zones. It has earnestly fulfilled its international responsibilities and obligations, and is the largest contributor of engineering, transport and medical units among the 115 troop-contributing countries to UN peacekeeping missions. On regional hotspot issues such as the Korean nuclear issue, Iranian nuclear issue, Syria and Palestine-Israel conflict, China has worked actively to promote peace through talks, and played a constructive role in easing tension and upholding regional peace. China has insisted on resolving conflicts of territorial claims and disputes over maritime rights and interests with its neighbors through dialogue and negotiation. So far, it has successfully settled land boundary questions left over from history with 12 neighboring countries. China’s development contributes to world peace and stability. As China becomes more developed and open, and has closer links with the rest of the world, it will have greater need for a long-term, peaceful and stable international environment, and be an even more positive factor and staunch force for upholding world peace.

當今世界正處在深刻變革之中，安全問題是世界和平面臨的重大挑戰。軍事衝突、軍備競賽、核擴散等傳統安全威脅和恐怖主義、氣候變化、經濟安全、糧食安全、能源資源安全、網絡安全等非傳統安全威脅相互交織，戰爭的陰霾並沒有遠離人類的天空，國際安全秩序缺失的根本性問題亟待破解。應對日益複雜多元的安全挑戰，需要調整過時的傳統安全理論，樹立國際安全新理念。
The world today is in the midst of profound transformation. Security issues pose a major challenge to world peace. Traditional security threats such as armed conflict, arms race and nuclear proliferation are intertwined with non-traditional ones such as terrorism, climate change, economic security, food security, energy and resources security, and cyber security. The shadow of war has not been completely dispelled, and the fundamental problem of the absence of international security order cries out for solution. In the face of such increasingly complex and pluralistic security challenges, we should readjust the traditional security theories that are outdated and foster new concepts of international security.

一是和平出安全。和平是安全的基石，窮兵黷武無法帶來美好世界。在科技高度發達和全球化的今天，戰爭對人類不僅是劫難，還可能導致毀滅。據聯合國有關統計，到2012年底，全球難民總數達到4520萬人；2004年至2009年間，全球平均每年因戰爭或恐怖事件死亡的人數爲5.5萬人，實際死亡人數還可能更高。國與國之間難免出現各種矛盾和爭端，關鍵要堅持和平對話、政治解決的正確方向。我們主張，要以和平共處理念營造安全環境，以和平對話方式解決安全問題，以和平保障機制維護安全秩序。“欲知平直，則必準繩；欲知方圓，則必規矩”。二戰後確立的國際和平秩序，是以7000萬人的生命爲代價換來的，是維護世界和平的進步體系。這一秩序不可動搖，也不容篡改、否定和破壞。各國都要做國際和平秩序的維護者、建設者、促進者，共同營造和諧穩定的國際和地區環境。
First, security depends on peace. Peace is fundamental to security. Bellicosity will not bring about a better world. Given the sophisticated technologies and the trend of globalization, war is not only a scourge for mankind; it may even destroy human race. According to UN statistics, by the end of 2012, the number of refugees in the world had reached 45.2 million. Between 2004 and 2009, about 55,000 people died in war or terrorist attacks each year, and the actual death toll may be even higher. Differences and disputes are hardly avoidable between states. What is important is to stick to the right direction of peaceful dialogue and political settlement. Countries should work to foster a secure environment by upholding the principle of peaceful coexistence, address security issues by conducting peaceful dialogue, and maintain security order through peace mechanism. As a Chinese saying goes, “To ensure something is straight, one needs to rely on a marking line; to draw a perfect circle, one needs to use a compass.” The post-war international order of peace was established at the cost of 70 million lives; it is a progressive system for maintaining world peace. Commitment to this system should never waver, nor should the system be overturned, negated or undermined in any way. All countries should work to uphold, build and promote the international peace order, and jointly create a harmonious and stable international and regional environment.二是發展出安全。安全問題從某種意義上說也是發展問題，發展資源之爭、發展空間之爭都可能引發安全衝突。只有少數國家的發展富裕，世界肯定不會安寧。只有各國、各地區、各民族共同發展、共同繁榮，才能從根本上消弭安全隱患。2010年，按人均每天1.25美元的國際貧困線，全球約有12億貧困人口，如果按2美元的標準，約有24億貧困人口；南方國家人均國民收入不到北方國家的四分之一。必須改變當今世界少數國家發展而廣大發展中國家貧窮落後的現狀。沒有多數國家的共同發展就談不上世界的發展。減少貧困、縮小南北差距，是維護國際安全的治本之舉和緊迫任務。我們主張，要倡導人類命運共同體意識，發達國家應當承擔更多責任，幫助發展中國家加快發展；各國應共同努力，推動建立更加平等均衡的新型全球發展夥伴關係，讓發展的陽光灑遍地球每一個角落，讓各國、各族人民都過上好日子。
Second, security depends on development. Security issue is a development issue to a certain extent, as competition for development resources and development spaces may trigger security conflicts. The world will definitely not be peaceful with only a small number of countries enjoying development and prosperity. Security risks may be fundamentally removed only through common development and common prosperity of all countries, regions and ethnic groups. In 2010, there were 1.2 billion people living below the poverty line of 1.25 US dollars a day, or 2.4 billion under 2 dollars a day. Countries of the South have a per capita income less than 1/4 of countries of the North. Such a status quo, with only a small number of countries being prosperous, and the vast developing world found in poverty and backwardness, must be changed. There could be no development of the world without the common development of the majority of countries. To reduce poverty and narrow the South-North gap is the fundamental approach and urgent task to uphold international security. We stand for enhancing the awareness of mankind being a community of shared destiny. The developed countries should shoulder more responsibility to help the developing countries accelerate development. Meanwhile, all countries should work together to build a new type of global development partnership that is more equitable and balanced, so that the sunshine of development could reach all corners of the earth, and all countries and peoples enjoy a good life.

三是合作出安全。當今世界許多安全問題已超越國家、地區的範圍，任何一個國家都難以置身事外，也難以靠單打獨鬥來實現自己的絕對安全。非洲有句諺語：“紗線能捆住雄獅，只要能擰成一股繩”。尋求合作纔是解決安全問題的正確選擇。上海合作組織建立12年來，在合作打擊“三股勢力”，維護地區乃至世界和平穩定方面發揮了重要作用。中國還積極參與多種形式的國際安全合作，與20多個國家開展反恐、救災等聯合演練和防務安全合作。面對日益突出的全球性安全挑戰，我們主張樹立互信、互利、平等、協作的新安全觀，倡導綜合安全、共同安全、合作安全的新理念，使我們的地球村成爲共謀發展的大舞臺，而不是相互角力的競技場。要大力拓展在網絡、太空、極地等“新疆域”治理方面的國際合作。中國願與各方一道，維護聯合國在處理國際安全事務中的主要作用，積極參與上海合作組織、東盟地區論壇、亞洲相互協作與信任措施會議等地區安全對話合作機制，建立開放、包容、公平的國際和地區安全合作架構，推動國際秩序和國際體系朝着公正合理的方向發展。
Third, security depends on cooperation. Many of the security issues in today’s world have gone beyond national borders and regions. No country can stay aloof or achieve so-called absolute security by itself. As an African proverb goes, “When spiders unite, they can tie down a lion”. Cooperation is the correct choice for settling security issues. Since its founding 12 years ago, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), has played an important role in combating terrorism, separatism and extremism, and in maintaining peace and stability of the region and the world at large. China has also taken an active part in various forms of international security cooperation, and conducted joint exercises for counter-terrorism and disaster-relief purposes as well as defense security cooperation with over 20 countries. Facing growing global security challenges, we advocate a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, and pursue a new concept of comprehensive security, common security and cooperation-based security, so that the global village we live in will become a major stage for common development instead of a wrestling field. We need to expand international cooperation in the regulation of such “new frontiers” as the cyberspace, outer space and polar regions. China is ready to work with all countries to uphold the main role of the United Nations in handling international security affairs, and actively participate in regional security dialogue cooperation mechanisms such as the SCO, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), with a view to establishing an open, inclusive and equitable international and regional security cooperation architecture, and making the international order and the international system more just and reasonable.

四是共贏出安全。共贏是持久安全的“壓艙石”。有一句西方諺語說，“如果商品不能跨過邊界，士兵就會跨過邊界”。當各國利益相互交融、同向發展時，安全衝突的風險就會大大降低。冷戰已經結束20多年，但你輸我贏、你衰我興的冷戰思維依然存在，一些地區戰火不斷與此密切相關。拉美有句諺語，“唯有益天下，方可惠本國”。我們主張，各國應摒棄零和博弈的陳舊安全觀念，堅持以互利共贏爲出發點和落腳點來看待和處理國際安全問題，任何國家都不能把自己的安全建立在損害他國安全的基礎上；我們堅決反對以鄰爲壑、損人利己，反對轉嫁負擔、禍水外引，更反對爲一己私利搞亂一個地區乃至整個世界。
Fourth, security depends on win-win principles. Win-win principles are cornerstone for sustained security. A Western saying goes, when goods don’t cross borders, soldiers will. The risk of security conflict will be significantly reduced when the interests of countries intertwine and converge. Although more than 20 years have passed since the end of the Cold War, the zero-sum Cold War mentality still lingers, as evidenced by the flaring wars and conflicts in some regions. A proverb in Latin America says that only when it is good for all can it be truly good for yourself. We maintain that countries should abandon the obsolete zero-sum security concept and view and handle international security issues based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation. No country should seek its own security at the expense of the security of other countries. We are resolutely opposed to acts that benefit oneself at others’ expense, shift trouble onto others, and still less to say, that destabilize a region or even the whole world for the sake of selfish interests.

中國古代典籍《易經》中有句名言：“天行健，君子以自強不息；地勢坤，君子以厚德載物。”清華大學的校訓即源於此。這句話的意思是說，宇宙運轉永不停息，有志之士應奮發圖強、奮鬥不止；大地氣勢磅礴寬廣，有志之士應胸懷天下、容載萬物。通向和平的道路雖然崎嶇艱難，但和平是人類的共同理想，是時代的潮流所向。希望熱愛和平的各國人民和有識之士行動起來，同心求和平、凝神謀發展、攜手促安全，共同推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。
According to the Chinese classic Book of Change, as heaven maintains vigor through movements, a gentleman should constantly strive for self-perfection; as earth’s condition is receptive devotion, a gentleman should hold the outer world with broad mind. This is where the motto of Tsinghua University comes from. Although the path towards peace is tortuous and difficult, peace is the common ideal of mankind and the trend of the times. I hope that peace-loving and visionary people of all countries will work together to pursue peace, development and security, and build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.