雙語暢銷書《艾倫圖靈傳》第7章:運轉起來(80)
So the spring of 1945 saw the ENIAC team on the one hand, and Alan Turing on the other, arrive naturally at the idea of constructing a universal machine with a single 'tape'.
But they did so in rather different ways.
但他們採取的方法很不一樣。The ENIAC, now already shown to be out-of-date in principle even before it was finished, had been something of a sledgehammer in cracking open the problem.
ENIAC甚至在還沒完成之前，就已經在原理上顯得過時了。它就像一把重錘，憑藉蠻力，兇狠而強力地鑿擊眼下的問題。
And von Neumann had been obliged to hack his way through the jungle of every known approach to computation, assimilating all the current needs of military research and the capabilities of American industry.
馮·諾伊曼想要在所有已知的計算方法的叢林出，開闢一條自己的路，以滿足軍方研究和工業發展的全部需求。The result was something close to the Lancelot Hogben view of science: the political and economic needs of the day determining new ideas.
其成果很符合蘭斯洛特·霍格本的科學觀：新想法要取決於當前的政治和經濟的需要。But when Alan Turing spoke of 'building a brain', he was working and thinking alone in his spare time, pottering around in a British back garden shed with a few pieces of equipment grudgingly conceded by the secret service.
然而，當艾倫·圖靈打算要"建造一個大腦"時，他只是獨自默默地研究、思考，在英國的後花園中慢慢踱步，陪着情報部門勉強留下的幾臺設備。He was not being asked to provide the solution to numerical problems such as those von Neumann was engaged upon; he had been thinking for himself.
他與馮·諾伊曼不同，沒有人要求他給出計算問題的解決方案，他只爲自己而思考。He had simply put together things that no one had put together before: his one-tape universal machine, the knowledge that large-scale electronic pulse technology could work, and the experience of turning cryptanalytic thought into 'definite methods' and 'mechanical processes'.
他的身上集中了以前從未有人集中過的經驗：他的單紙帶通用機經驗，大規模電子脈衝技術的經驗，還有把密碼分析的想法變成機械過程的經驗。Since 1939 he had been concerned with little but symbols, states, and instruction tables—and with the problem of embodying these as effectively as possible in concrete forms.
在1939年之後，他一直在思考符號、狀態和指令表，以及用什麼方式才能把它們做成實際的機器。Now he could consummate it all.
現在，他可以把這些想法都集中起來了。
