巴黎恐怖襲擊加劇美國反移民情緒
Just as the top EU official for migration was urging the White House to be “more generous” in accepting Syrian refugees, Paris was struck by a series of attacks that immediately boosted political opposition to his pitch.
就在歐盟負責移民事務的最高官員敦促美國政府“更大方地”接收敘利亞難民之際，他的這一論調因巴黎遭受的一系列恐怖襲擊而在頃刻之間面臨更強烈的政治反對。
As in some other countries, the massacres have been co-opted by critics of refugee policy. The US in September agreed to accept 10,000 Syrian refugees over the next year, up from 1,500, under pressure from Europe.
像其他一些國家一樣，這場大屠殺在美國也成爲難民政策批評者炒作的題材。9月份，在歐洲的施壓下，美國答應在接下來的一年裏接收1萬名敘利亞難民（原先是1500名）。
The fear that terrorists could enter the US masked as refugees was exacerbated after a Syrian passport was found near the body of one of the attackers. Many of the Republican presidential contenders and other party members now want the White House to scrap or defer the Syrian refugee programme.
在巴黎警方發現一名襲擊者的屍體旁有一本敘利亞護照後，人們更加擔心恐怖分子可能佯裝成難民進入美國。目前，很多共和黨總統參選人和其他黨員都希望白宮取消或推遲收容敘利亞難民的計劃。
Frank Luntz, a pollster, said the refugee issue and its impact on the immigration debate in the 2016 campaign would be significant, particularly for the Republicans. But he said both parties were “stoking it for their own political purposes”.
民意調查專家弗蘭克倫茨(Frank Luntz)稱，在2016年選戰中，難民議題及其對移民辯論的影響將是重頭戲，特別是對共和黨而言。但他表示，兩黨都會“出於自身的政治目的而煽動這件事”。
Robert Bentley, the Republican governor of Alabama, on Sunday said he would oppose any efforts to place refugees in the southern state.
美國南部阿拉巴馬州的州長、共和黨人羅伯特本特利(Robert Bentley)上週日稱，他將反對一切在該州安置難民的努力。
“After full consideration of this weekend’s attacks of terror on innocent citizens in Paris, I will oppose any attempt to relocate Syrian refugees to Alabama,” said Mr Bentley. “I will not stand complicit to a policy that places the citizens of Alabama in harm’s way.”
“在全面考慮了上週末針對巴黎無辜平民的恐怖襲擊後，我將反對一切在阿拉巴馬州安置敘利亞難民的企圖。”本特利稱，“我不會成爲將阿拉巴馬州公民置於險境的政策的合謀者。”
Ben Carson, the retired brain surgeon leading the Republican field with Donald Trump, said allowing refugees from the Middle East into the US was a “huge mistake”.
與唐納德礠朗普(Donald Trump)一起在共和黨總統候選人陣營中領跑的退休腦外科醫生本慍森(Ben Carson)稱，允許中東難民進入美國是一個“巨大的錯誤”。
“Why wouldn’t [terror groups] infiltrate them with people who are ideologically opposed to us?” he said. “To bring them here under these circumstances is a suspension of intellect.”
“（恐怖組織）爲什麼不把在意識形態上反對我們的人混入難民之中？”他說，“在這種情況下讓他們來這裏是大腦短路的行爲。”
Mr Trump said it was “insane” that Mr Obama wanted to accept 250,000 refugees, exaggerating the number. After previously saying the US should accept more refugees because of the “unbelievable humanitarian problem”, he has since said he would deport all Syrians if he became president.
特朗普表示，奧巴馬欲接收25萬難民（數字被誇大了）簡直是“瘋了”。特朗普此前表示，美國應該接收更多難民，因爲這是一個“非同尋常的人道主義問題”。但他後來已改口稱，如果他當選總統，將驅逐所有敘利亞人。
While some Republicans are playing the xenophobia card to rally the base, all the party’s contenders worry about the US’s ability to screen refugees.
雖然打仇外牌來積攢人氣的是部分共和黨人，但該黨所有的總統候選人都擔心美國是否有能力篩查難民。
“We won’t be able to take more refugees. It’s not that we don’t want to, it’s that we can’t,” said Marco Rubio, the Cuban-American senator. “There’s no way to background check someone that’s coming from Syria. Who do you call and do a background check on them?”
“我們沒能力接收更多難民，不是我們不想接收，而是我們沒能力，”古巴裔參議員馬爾科脠比奧(Marco Rubio)稱，“我們沒有辦法對正從敘利亞來的某個人進行背景調查。你給誰打電話來對他們做背景調查？”
Ben Rhodes, deputy national security adviser, rejected those claims, saying authorities had “very extensive screening procedures”. But some officials in charge of vetting applicants have conceded that there is a risk of infiltration.
美國副國家安全顧問本圠祿(Ben Rhodes)不認可這些說法，稱當局有“非常廣泛的篩查程序”。但一些負責審查申請者的官員承認，的確存在滲透的風險。
James Comey, FBI director, recently told Congress that while there were challenges screening Iraqi refugees, the process was tougher for Syria. “The only thing we can query is information that we have. So, if we have no information on someone, they’ve never crossed our radar screen . . . it will be challenging,” he said.
美國聯邦調查局(FBI)局長詹姆斯科米(James Comey)最近告訴國會，雖然說篩查伊拉克難民存在一些挑戰，但篩查敘利亞難民的難度更大。“我們唯一能夠提出問題的東西就是我們已經擁有的信息。因此，如果我們不掌握某個人的信息，他們從未出現在我們的雷達屏幕上……這就難辦了，”他表示。
Protests have flared around the US over the issue. Some counties in South Carolina have passed resolutions against the so-called “Refugee Resettlement Project”. While some concerns have been sparked by the rise of Isis and images of Syrians fleeing into Europe, there have been cases, including one in Kentucky, where refugees in the US were convicted of providing support for terrorists.
美國各地圍繞這個問題已經爆發了抗議。南卡羅來納州的一些縣已通過決議，反對所謂的“難民安置計劃”。一些憂慮是由ISIS的崛起以及逃入歐洲的敘利亞人的形象引發的，還有一些是因爲一些進入美國的難民被判定向恐怖分子提供支持，包括肯塔基州的一個案子。
In the wake of the Paris attacks, the White House is caught between European allies who want the US to bear a bigger burden and Republicans who say the administration must prioritise citizens’ safety.
巴黎遇襲後，白宮被夾在了一個左右爲難的境地中——一邊是希望美國承擔更大責任的歐洲盟友，另一邊是申明美國政府必須以公民安全爲先的共和黨人。
It has also forced a wedge between Democrats and Republicans. During the Democratic presidential debate on Saturday, Hillary Clinton, former secretary of state, and Martin O’Malley, former Maryland governor, both said the US should accept 65,000 Syrian refugees as long as they were properly vetted. Mr O’Malley said that was “akin to making room for 6.5 more people in a baseball stadium with 32,000”.
此事還在民主黨和共和黨之間打下了一個楔子。在上週六的民主黨總統候選人辯論中，前國務卿希拉裏克林頓(Hillary Clinton)和馬里蘭州前州長馬丁攠汙利(Martin O’Malley)都表示，美國應接收6.5萬名敘利亞難民，只要他們經過了適當的審查。奧馬利表示，這“類似於在一個能容納3.2萬人的棒球場裏再給6.5個人騰出一些位置”。
Larry Sabato, a University of Virginia politics expert, said the attacks would make Republicans “even more anti-immigration” and force more moderate candidates, such as Mr Rubio and Jeb Bush, to take a tougher stance, which could hurt the party’s standing with non-white voters in the general election. But he said the Democrats also faced a conundrum since it was “hard to see how they can continue to support absorbing 10,000 Syrians into the US”.
弗尼吉亞大學(University of Virginia)政治專家拉里薩巴托(Larry Sabato)表示，此次襲擊會使共和黨人“更加反移民”，並迫使魯比奧和傑布布什(Jeb Bush)等較溫和的總統候選人採取更強硬的立場，這可能會在大選中傷及共和黨在非白人選民心中的聲望。但他表示，民主黨人也面臨一個難題，因爲“很難看出他們如何能夠繼續支持美國接收1萬名敘利亞難民”。
