馬化騰在第四屆中美互聯網論壇的發言

中國的雲計算髮展面臨三大挑戰
——在第四屆中美互聯網論壇的發言
騰訊首席執行官 馬化騰
2010年11月8日

Cloud computing in China: prospects, key technologies, major challenges
By Ma Huateng
Chairman of the Board and CEO of Tencent
November 8, 2010

騰訊作爲中國最大的互聯網企業之一，12年來的成長經歷可以說鑑證了中國互聯網產業從到有從弱到強的發展奇蹟，今天關注中美兩國互聯網發展的朋友們聚集一堂共同分享騰訊如何看待雲計算在中國的發展狀況和前景，以及我們所關注的關鍵的技術，以及它對於未來互聯網行業乃至整個IT行業的影響。
Tencent is China's largest privately owned enterprise oriented toward comprehensive Internet business. Founded 12 years ago, it is a testament to the miraculous development of China's Internet industry. Today, all friends connected with the industry gather together here, giving me a precious opportunity to share with you some of our thoughts on the development and prospects of cloud computing in China, our technological focuses, and the influence of cloud computing on the Internet industry and the entire IT industry.

首先我簡單介紹一下騰訊，騰訊爲全國4億網民提供高質量服務的企業，它提供從及時通訊，網絡媒體，網絡遊戲，搜索引擎到電子商務完整的電子服務，今天隨着雲計算計算的興起，爲所有的互聯網用戶提供更反變得應用提供可能性，也爲我們互聯網今後的發展提供廣闊的空間。
As China's largest Internet company, Tencent offers high-quality network services to 400 million users across the country. We boast all kinds of Internet businesses, including instant-communication tools, online media, online games, SNS societies, search engines and e-business. Such a wide service range is rare both in China and in the other parts of the world. The advanced cloud computing technology has made it possible for Internet users to enjoy good services more conveniently and opened a spacious room for the development of the Internet industry in the following years.

雲計算從概念到實現只有短短几年時間，騰訊也趕上了這一次的浪潮，不同的公司對雲計算有不同的解讀，對我們來說雲計算就是應用公共網絡設施對邏輯的組建，像水和電一樣融入大家的生活，爲用戶提供海量一站式的服務，通過雲計算可以讓用戶在任何時間地點訪問任何信息，讓他們獲得在PC時代和網絡初期無法得到使用。
It only took cloud computing a few years to change from a vague idea to real technology. Chinese Internet companies, including Tencent, caught the trend fortunately. Different companies may have a different understanding on this technology. For Tencent, the key value of cloud computing is that it can utilize the public network structure to make our computing ability, processing ability and logic components as assessable as household tap water and electricity. With the aid of cloud computing, we can help users to acquire any information anytime, anywhere. This is an unprecedented convenience as compared with the PC era and the initial periods of the Internet era. This is our understanding of cloud computing platform.

我們在雲計算投入了大量的人力資金和物力。我們正在建立亞洲最大的數據中心以及對雲計算提供硬件資源的支撐，同時開發用於支持分佈式存儲，變形計算支持雲計算的平臺，中國一些其它的互聯網企業在雲計算的基礎上做了一些佈局，中國政府和我們企業界也在共同制訂雲計算的國家標準。
In recent years, the Chinese government and Chinese enterprises have invested large quantities of funds, devices and personnel to develop cloud computing technologies. For instance, Tencent is building Asia's largest data center to support a cloud platform and developing a cloud computing platform to support distributed storage, parallel computing and intelligent resource management. Other Chinese enterprises are also working on cloud computing hardware and related support. At the same time, the government is working with the industry to set up relative national standards.

我們想結合我們的特點談談雲計算，除了超級數據中心等等的雲計算平臺以外，我想着重講三方面的技術和挑戰。
Now, I would like to talk about the major technologies and challenges Tencent is focusing on. Since you are all familiar with super data centers, high-speed broadband network and the cloud computing platform that can manage these hardware devices and systems, I will show you three other key technologies and challenges.

首先是信息安全。如果我們把以往個人和企業的計算機比做自己家裏的保險櫃，把信息比作現金，過去把信息存儲在自己計算機的做法相當於把現金放在自己的保險櫃裏這樣當然是既不利於使用也不利於流通，雲計算就是相當於現在的銀行，把現金存在銀行裏面，實際上比自的保險對是既安全又方便，首先是這個銀行是有信用的，雲計算能夠得到普及和得到所有互聯網用戶的認可，關鍵在於互聯網安全能否做好，一方面使用戶可以方便使用雲端的服務，一方面是這些服務和隱私是得到保護的我們知道便利性和安全性是矛盾的。在技術上如何解決這個問題，關係到雲計算得到廣大用戶的認可。在過去幾年，雲計算在24小時不間斷的保護用戶的信息，基本上滿足了用戶隨時隨地使用在線產品的便利性，保證他們的安全性，這樣的前提下用戶可以放心的把原本在本地存儲的終端信息防盜雲端的數據銀行當中。另外一方面我們要在法律和政策上制止任何危害用戶信息安全問題的發生，保證雲計算產業有良好的發展。
First, information security. Let's make a comparison. If personal computers and company computers are like one's safe, and if information is money, the practice of storing information in a computer is like putting money in his safe, which is, of course, inconvenient and not good for liquidity. Instead, depositing money in a bank is more convenient and safer, on the condition that the bank is secure and credible. In this sense, the key to popularizing cloud computing technology and gaining users' recognition is how safe the Internet is. In terms of technology, efforts should be made to ensure that users can conveniently use services in the cloud and that the services are safe and that users' privacy is protected. We all know that in the online world, it's difficult to realize convenience and safety at the same time. How to address the issue becomes the key to popularizing cloud computing. In the past decade, Tencent has made continuous efforts to develop technologies on information security. A professional team is working 24 hours a day to protect user information with the best devices and solutions. Generally speaking, we are now able to offer users easy access to our online products and services anytime, anywhere and ensure their information is safe. In this situation, users are willing to use our cloud services and move data from their own terminals to our cloud-based "data bank." With regard to laws and policies, efforts should be made to prohibit acts that may harm the safety of user information, thus to foster an environment conducive to the development of cloud computing and the entire industry.第二大點就是通用和標準開放的平臺。雲計算的一個好處就是不受終端系統限制，給用戶帶來連貫性的體驗，比如我們的個人電腦從傳統的PC向手機和平板電腦、互聯網電視、車載資訊的娛樂終端等智能終端發展，操作系統也出現新興系統百花齊放的局面，雲計算要支持這些系統就要做好標準化通用性。在標準化方面，微軟和中國工業界正在制定統一的標準，雲計算的目的之一是要將計算資源以最經濟的方式提供給社會。由於它的規模巨大，不可能每一個企業和機構都發展自己的雲計算平臺，而是由主要的互聯網公司提供給全社會，爲了強調這個目的我們強調雲計算平臺是在通用的標準上提供的，能否做到開放和合作，關乎到雲計算技術能否普及，以及能否帶動整個IT產業上下游的發展，雲計算要像提供水了電一樣爲中小機構提供計算能力，海量輸出和帶寬資源，如果雲計算的提供商將它作爲壟斷資源，將雲計算作爲控制中小企業及互聯網上下游的工具，用一些條條框框把這些屬於產業鏈中下游的業務變成約束在自己的業務中，從長遠來說會傷害到整個IT產業鏈。騰訊本着互通互利的原則，希望共同發展完善雲計算的產業鏈，不僅讓廣大用戶通過雲計算平臺共享信息和服務，也要讓中小企業機構分享雲計算的成果，基於雲計算髮展增值服務。
The second thing I want to talk about is the platform, which should be universal, standardized and open to all. An advantage of cloud computing is the consistent experience it offers users on all terminals and systems. Currently, the scope of "personal computer" has expanded from traditional PC and Mac computers to smart terminals like cell phones, flat-panel computers, Internet TV and car infotainment systems. And computer operating systems have seen a rigorous development, with Android, iOS, Meego and other new systems emerging in addition to Windows. To support all these terminals and systems, cloud computing must be standardized and universal. Now, the government is working with Internet enterprises, including Tencent, to set up unified standards. An objective of cloud computing is to make computing resources accessible to the whole society in the most economic way. Given the large scale of the work, it's impossible and unnecessary for every enterprise and institution to develop its own cloud computing platform. This work can be done by major Internet companies. To achieve the objective, Tencent insists that the cloud computing platform be universal, standardized and open to all. The openness and cooperativeness of the platform is key to its popularity and its influence on IT Industry and national economy. Platform suppliers should ensure their computing abilities, mass data storage and bandwidths can be as available as water and electricity for small- and medium-sized enterprises and research institutions. If suppliers take cloud computing as a monopolized resource, use it to control enterprises in the midstream and downstream industry and make special rules to force the enterprises to use these services, the entire IT industry will be ruined in the long run. In the principle of openness, cooperation and mutual benefit, Tencent hopes to work with other Internet companies to promote technological development and industry development based on cloud computing. We hope to help Internet users share information and services on cloud platform, help small- and medium-sized enterprises and research institutions share cloud computing results and make our contributions to the development of value-added, cloud-based products and services.

第三大點就是我想談一下基於雲計算的應用和服務。雲計算是個載體，它上面的各種服務纔是實質，沒有這些應用和服務，雲計算就成了一個擺設，一個泡沫。我們要在雲計算的基礎上整合各種已經有的IT服務，從通信、媒體、辦公自動化、網絡遊戲、SNS、搜索引擎到電子商務等等完整的各種各樣的互聯網應用，這樣才能真正給用戶帶來好處，下面我有一個騰訊的例子是我們QQ的雲應用，分享我們在雲應用方面的策略，這個例子裏面我們可以看到雲計算爲互聯網用戶帶來的價值，以及對互聯網和IT產業的影響。我們的目標是創建一個用戶攜帶自己的使用組合，使用習慣，以及隱私數據的任何平臺，首先我們要提供一個跨終端跨系統的體系，現在終端的大量涌現，我們QQ的雲是搭建一個雲體系，確保用戶可以得到完善的雲服務體驗，QQ雲提供了一個免下載，免安裝，即插即用的平臺，爲用戶解決了各種煩惱。同時雲也可以攜帶各種組合到任何一個場景，也可以爲用戶提供量身定做的個性化服務，以及用用戶的關係網絡，完成社區化的服務。基於雲計算平臺，可以做到客戶不僅可以按照時間場景選擇不同的組合，也可以同步到自己每個終端甚至功用的設備上，以及處理方式的選擇信息接受等等方面，我們在雲計算倡導市場性的開放心態，爲了營造一個健康的生態環境和產業連，QQ雲平臺對第三方開發者和商業夥伴來講是完全開放和透明的。我們希望不僅是騰訊還是合作伙伴，第三方開發者還是個人都可以創造自己的雲應用，並分享和提供到應用市場上去。QQ將雲應用爲提供商作爲基礎服務，比如終端兼容，個性化設置，關係鏈傳播，支付體系等等，通過豐富的應用，便捷的管理，安全的使用，讓客戶的個性化使用得到體現，同時讓應用提供商能夠接觸到巨大的用戶羣和關係鏈，共同開拓新的市場機會。
The third thing I want to talk about is the key role of cloud applications and services. Cloud computing is only a bearer. Services and applications based on it are the most important. Without the services and applications, cloud computing is useless. Therefore, Tencent will integrate all IT services, including instant communication tools, online media, office automation, online games, SNS societies, search engines and e-business, on the basis of cloud computing. Only in this way can we bring real benefits to users. Next, I will take the QQ cloud as an example to show you our strategy on cloud application. After my explanation, you will see the values cloud computing can bring to users, and you will see the influence cloud computing can leave on the Internet and IT industries. The objective of the QQ cloud is to build an application platform where users can safely bring their service portfolio, online habits and private data to any other scenes. To achieve this, we will first offer users consistent trans-terminal, trans-system services. Currently, there are a variety of terminals and systems, such as the PC, smart phone and flat-panel computer, but they all use the Web as the application platform. Based on the Web, the QQ cloud tries to build a complete cloud-application system to ensure that users can enjoy consistent cloud services. The QQ cloud offers a browser-server, plug-and-play cloud platform, saving users from troubles caused by various terminals. Meanwhile, it allows users to safely bring their cloud service portfolio, user habits and private data to any other application scene. Based on the cloud platform, the QQ cloud can provide users with customized services and social services based on users' contact chain. Users' demands and habits differ. In the past, such information was stored on their own terminals, unable to be taken to other places. Now, based on the cloud platform, we can help users choose different service portfolios according to the time and the scene and safely synchronize the portfolios between various terminals or public devices. Users can use the portfolios, including UI, application settings and message receiving and processing mode, in a familiar environment in their accustomed way. Meanwhile, users can share their cloud applications, experiences and creations with friends in their societies. We always stress that cloud computing development needs the efforts of the entire IT industry and the whole society. We advocate an open, market-oriented business environment. The QQ cloud is an open platform. It's impossible to have any single company develop all applications and services. To build a healthy, win-win industrial environment, the QQ cloud platform is open and transparent to all third-party developers and commercial partners. We hope that in addition to Tencent, our partners, competitors, independent developers and even individual users can create their cloud applications and share or sell them in application market. The QQ cloud will provide application suppliers with basic services, such as terminal compatibility, customized settings, cloud storage, contact chain spreading, application management and payment system. With abundant applications, convenient management and safe usage, the QQ cloud is able to meet users' customized demands and better achieve user values. At the same time, it will give application suppliers access to users and contact chains, to better integrate upstream industry with downstream industry and make a joint exploration of new market potentials.

剛纔談了三個挑戰性問題，我們希望基於雲計算平臺爲客戶提供更多價值，通過開放和合作，爲IT行業提供新的商機。
By developing the aforementioned technologies, by solving the three challenges I just talked about, Tencent hopes to bring more benefits to users with the support of cloud platform. In the principle of openness and cooperation, we hope to find more business opportunities for the IT industry.

中美互聯網論壇已經舉行了四屆，成爲兩國互聯網業界最重要的交流和合作的機制，騰訊也在積極佈局海外，包括美國在內的其它市場的網絡用戶提供產品和服務，我們也希望通過中美互聯網論壇這一平臺，與兩國的互聯網企業加強交流，共同探討互聯網行業新的趨勢，新技術和新的理念，爲推動中美乃至全球互聯網的繁榮與發展做出貢獻！
Four sessions of the China-U.S. Internet Forum has been successfully held. This forum has become a major communication and cooperation mechanism for the Internet industry of the two countries. Tencent is working hard to explore overseas markets to offer products and services to network users in the U.S. and other countries. We sincerely hope to take the advantage of this forum to enhance our communications with Internet companies in the two countries, discuss new trends, new technologies and new ideas of the industry and make our contribution to the development of the Internet in both China and the U.S., as well as other countries of the world!

謝謝大家。
Thank you!