中英雙語話歷史 第60期:隋朝的建立和發展
By the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chinese had experienced north-south separation for a long time.
People looked forward to a unified country but no emperor either in the Northern Zhou or the Southern Chen was able to accomplish this. It was not until Yang Jian usurped the throne and founded the Sui Dynasty that the reunification occurred.
但北周和南陳的皇帝都沒有統一南北的能力；到了楊堅奪取了北周政權、建立 隋朝以後，這一任務才由隋文帝楊堅完成。Yang Jian, a born aristocrat of the Northern Zhou, was Emperor Xuan^ Chancellor of Military Affairs.
楊堅出身北周貴族，周宣帝時拜上柱國、大司馬。
Later when the infant Emperor Jing ascended the throne, Yang was made the chief Minister and took charge of both military and civil affairs. After his suppression of the separatist forces in Henan，Hubei and Sichuan，he cleared away the Yuwen’s families, overthrew the Northern Zhou, declared himself the emperor in the first year of Dading (581) and named his empire the Sui.
後來周靜帝年幼即位，堅爲大丞相，總攬軍政大權,在平定了河南、湖北、四川的割據勢力後，又剪除了宇文氏諸王室，於大定元年(581)代周稱帝，建國號隋，是爲隋文帝。As Emperor Wen of the Sui, he immediately carried out his military plans for unification. He first made peace with the Western Turks through marriage and resettled the Eastern Turks； hence trouble was free in the north. Then he attacked the Chen in the south by appointing Yang Guang as marshal.
接着，他開始了統一的軍事部署，先與突厥和親，使東突厥歸順，解除了後顧之憂,然後便安排南下伐陳。Yang Guang collected the vanguards forces in Anhui to make preparations for crossing the Yangtze River.
文帝以晉王楊廣爲行軍元帥,在安徽前線集結兵力，準備渡江。In the 9th year of Kaihuang (589)，the vanguards Han Qinhu and He Ruobi，s forces advanced crossing the Yangtze River from Caishi and Guangling respectively； then they quickly attacked and captured Jiankang. The Chen forces collapsed and its emperor surrendered.
開皇九年(589)正月，先鋒韓擒虎、賀若弼分別從採石、廣陵渡江，直取建康，陳軍崩潰，陳後主投降。All forces in the south successively pledged allegiance to the Sui. It took Emperor Wen less than four months to unify the North and the South.
南方各地紛紛歸附，文帝出兵後不到四個月，便實現了南北統一。Emperor Wen undertook a series of measures to develop the economy, recover production and consolidate the unification.
隋文帝實行了一系列發展經濟、恢復生產、鞏固統一成果的措施。He strengthened the power of the central government by dividing it into six departments under three ministries. Local administrative divisions were also changed from the three-level system (prefectures, sub-prefectures, and counties) to a two-level system ( prefectures and counties). He also reformed the military enlistment system, issued new orders to implement the land equalization system and to mint the five- zhu coins, and standardized weights and measures.
他加強中央行政機構的領導，設立三省六部;又改地方州郡縣三級製爲郡縣二級制；改革府兵制;重頒均田令;制定新刑律;新鑄五銖錢;統一度量衡等。He entrusted able men like Gao Ying, Yang Su, Niu Hong and Su Wei alike with important positions N Emperor Wen also engaged in developing agriculture and constructing water conservancy as well as irrigation systems, which helped reviving handicraft industry and commerce.
他使用得力的大臣高穎、楊素、牛弘、蘇威等，堅持以農爲本，興修水利，使手工業和商業得到恢復發展。The completion of the Guangtong Channel made it more convenient for water transportation. The imperial examination system was improved, allowing candidates to enter government offices through examination.
文帝又開通廣通渠，以便漕運交通,並完善科舉制，通過考試選拔人材。During the Renshou years, the number of families in the country reached seven million, the granaries were full and the society was tranquil and economy prosperous.
仁壽年間， 全國戶口增到700萬戶，倉廩充實，社會安定，出現欣欣向榮的景象。
