爲什麼菲律賓總統杜特爾特不信任美國

Want to know why the Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte seems to hate the U.S. so much? The roots go back more than a century but there's a more recent reason as well. For that look no farther than the Evergreen Hotel in the southern city of Davao where Duterte served as mayor for more than 20 years.

想知道爲什麼菲律賓總統羅德里戈·杜特爾特這麼痛恨美國嗎？刨根問底得追溯到一個多世紀前，但是也有一個很現實的理由。那就從杜特爾特擔任了20多年市長的南部城市達沃市的萬年青旅館說起。

It's a rundown flophouse up a long flight of stairs in the middle of Chinatown. At $15 a night it's way overpriced. A sign on the wall says "Strictly No Smoking." The desk clerk warns that making bombs in the rooms is "highly prohibited" too — even though she admits with a nervous laugh that it's been done before. By an American citizen named Michael Meiring.

這是位於唐人街中央，要走長長一段樓梯的廉價破敗旅店。15美元一晚顯然獅子大開口。牆上有個標記：“嚴禁吸菸。”前臺警告說，在房間裏製作炸彈也是“嚴格禁止”的---話雖如此，她神經質地笑着承認，以前確實有人在房間裏做過炸彈。那是個名叫麥克.梅林的美國人。

On May 16 2002 the self-described treasure hunter accidentally blew himself up in room 305 with an explosive device he had kept in a metal box in his room. Fe Basan then commander of the Santa Anna Police Station around the corner from the Evergreen arrived on the scene minutes after the explosion.

"There was a fire and heavy smoke in the room" Basan says. "And we saw him in the room with his leg already gone and unconscious maybe because of the pain."

2002年5月16日，一個自稱是尋寶者的人，在305房間不小心引爆了他放在房間一個金屬箱子裏的爆炸裝置。時任萬年青旅店附近的聖塔安娜警局警長的鐵巴三在爆炸發生後的幾分鐘內就趕到了現場。

“房間裏着火了，濃煙滾滾。”巴三說，“我們看到他在房間裏，腿已經炸飛了，可能因爲疼痛不省人事。”

Basan says Meiring had been a frequent guest at the hotel but not a popular one. "He was not a friendly guy" she recalls the bellboys telling her. One who "got easily irked and didn't want to talk to anyone." A man who had given hotel staff strict instructions not to touch the boxes in his room — with reason as it turned out.

巴三說，梅林是旅店不太受歡迎的常客。“他不太友善，”她回憶起旅店服務生們跟她的談話。這個人“脾氣火爆不願跟任何人說話。”這傢伙給旅店服務員下了死命令：不許碰他房間裏的一堆箱子----原因後來才真相大白。

Basan says police rushed Meiring to the hospital planning to interrogate him later. They started preparing criminal charges against him — for starters for keeping explosives in his room and causing property damage to the hotel.

巴三說，警局倉促間把梅林送到醫院，準備隨後再審問他。他們打算以刑事犯罪起訴他----以在房間裏私藏爆炸物和毀損酒店財產爲由。

Back then the island of Mindanao was a dangerous place a hotbed of separatist violence — beset by an ongoing communist insurgency and various Muslim separatist groups chafing at rule from Manila. Even today it remains dangerous. At the time of the Meiring incident there had been recent other bombings not far from Davao which made police eager to question the American.

當時的棉蘭老島是一個危險的地方，是分裂主義暴力事件的溫牀----一直被對抗馬尼拉政策的持續的共產主義叛亂和層出不窮的穆斯林分裂主義團體所困擾。直至今天，那裏仍然很危險。在梅林事件的年代，此前達沃市附近已經發生了幾起爆炸事件，這讓警方急切地想審問這個美國人。

But they never got the chance. Meiring was spirited out of the hospital just a day later allegedly by U.S. operatives says the former commander of military intelligence in Davao at the time who wishes to remain anonymous.

可是他們從未得到這樣的機會。當時希望匿名的一位前達沃市軍事情報指揮官說，梅林入院僅一天，就被據稱是美國特工的人偷偷帶走。

"According to the doctor he was taken by men at least four wearing FBI shirts and then he was flown from Davao to Manila in a chartered plane" the former commander says.

"醫生說，他被一夥人帶走，其中至少四人穿了聯邦調查局制服，然後乘一家包機從達沃市飛往馬尼拉。"前指揮官說。

The men persuaded the hospital administrator to allow them to take Meiring the commander says by offering the administrator a deal. Let Meiring go and they would ensure the administrator's daughter — a nurse — would get a coveted U.S. visa.

前情報官員說，這些人跟院長談了樁交易，說服了院長讓他們把梅林帶走。只要讓梅林走，他們就保證院長的女兒----一名護士----可以拿到夢寐以求的美國簽證。

Chief Inspector Basan says someone from the embassy promised her the same thing if she allowed U.S. agents access immediate access to Meiring at Davao Doctors Hospital but she says she wasn't interested. When Duterte found out Meiring was gone Basan says he was furious.

巴三警長說，大使館有人向她承諾了同樣的事，如果她讓美國特工直接和在達沃市多特士醫院就診的梅林接觸，也可以拿到美國簽證，但是她說她沒興趣。巴三說，當杜特爾特發現梅林已經跑掉後，大怒。

The former army intelligence commander says the mayor saw Meiring's removal as a violation of Philippine sovereignty and of his own authority. "That's the beginning of why Mayor Duterte now President Duterte hates the Americans" he says.

前軍隊情報官員說，市長認爲梅林潛逃事件侵犯了菲律賓的主權和他自己的權威。“這就是爲什麼當時的杜特爾特市長現在的杜特爾特總統開始痛恨美國人的緣起。”他說。

The mayor had reason to be angry says Serafin Ledesma Jr. publisher of theMindanao Journal.

《棉蘭老島雜誌》的出版商小塞拉芬.萊德斯瑪說，市長髮火有道理。

explosives?"

“那些非常傲慢的聯邦調查局特工闖入達沃市，把一個本該接受達沃市有關部門審訊的非常重要的人給帶走了。”萊德斯瑪說，“杜特爾特受到了大使館非常粗暴的對待。因爲當時我們正在處理遍地出現的的爆炸案，然後發現有個美國人攜帶的爆炸物提前爆炸了。他爲什麼會出現在那個旅店？還有，他爲什麼要攜帶爆炸物？”

When NPR reached out to the U.S. Embassy in Manila to ask about the 2002 Meiring incident we received an emailed response:

"Mr. Meiring was initially treated in Davao City. Upon the recommendation of local doctors Mr. Meiring was transported to a hospital in Manila. Once in Manila doctors then recommended his medical transfer to the United States to a facility that had a more advanced burn center. ... We took no action beyond providing routine consular services to a U.S. citizen with a medical evacuation."

當國家公共電臺與馬尼拉的美國大使館聯繫，詢問2002年的梅林事件時，我們收到了以下的郵件答覆：

“梅林先生起初在達沃市接受治療。根據當地醫生的建議，梅林先生轉院到了馬尼拉的一家醫院。一到馬尼拉，醫生們又建議他轉到美國，去一家有更先進的燒傷中心的機構治療......除了向一位美國公民提供常規的領事服務和醫療救助外，我們沒有采取其他行動。”

Press reports in Manila and Mindanao have speculated that Meiring worked for the CIA at a time when the U.S. was bolstering its military presence in Mindanao as part of the post-Sept. 11 war on terrorism. Meiring's ability to travel around Mindanao including rebel-held areas only fueled speculation here that he was part of a larger clandestine operation to destabilize Mindanao. It would be a pretext to justify Manila to allow a bigger U.S. presence in the region.

馬尼拉和棉蘭老島的媒體報道推測，梅林每次都爲中央情報局工作，當時作爲911後反恐行動的一部分，美國正加強其在棉蘭老島的軍事存在。梅林有能力遊走在棉蘭老島，甚至包括叛軍控制的地區，這更加深了對其作爲一個旨在製造棉蘭老島不穩定勢態的更大祕密行動的成員的懷疑。這樣美國就有藉口說服馬尼拉，加強在該地區的存在。

"I cannot say that's right but I cannot also say that it's wrong" says the former army intelligence officer. "Maybe because he was a 'treasure hunter' and had maps maybe that's the cover story of his true intention here."

“我沒法說這是對的，但是我也沒法說那是錯的，”前軍隊情報官員說。“也許因爲他是一個尋寶者，帶着地圖，也許這是他到這裏的真實意圖的封面故事。”

treasure hunter as he claims to be."

棉蘭老島雜誌的萊德斯瑪說的更直接“他被聯邦調查局特工帶走的事實告訴你，他根本不是自己宣稱的尋寶者。”

Duterte has suggested much the same thing and cited the incident to explain his decision in 2013 not to allow the U.S. military to operate drone flights out of Davao.

杜特爾特更趨於引用2013不允許美軍操作無人機飛躍達沃這件事來對自己的決定做解釋。

The Meiring case is one reason for Duterte's mistrust of the U.S. — the main reason according to most — but not the only one. His sense of grievance goes back even further into the past to history dating back to the U.S. colonial rule of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946.

Meiring（譯者注：一位名叫梅令（Michael Terrence Meiring）的英國裔美國人，在涉嫌引爆一枚藏匿在達沃市長榮酒店（Evergreen Hotel）的炸彈後潛逃出境。直到今天，杜特爾特都還認爲梅令是在美國聯邦調查局介入下才脫逃成功）案是杜特爾特不相信美國的一個原因-這是主要的原因但是不是唯一的原因，他的不滿可以回溯至更遠的過去-美國1898至1946年對菲律賓的殖民統治。

"He's not against the American people. But more the policy" says Davao journalist Editha Caduaya who has known Duterte for decades. He is angry she says about "the injustice done to the Moros" the Muslims of Mindanao. Why? "Because his mother has roots from the Muslim settlers of Mindanao."

達沃記者Editha Caduaya 說：“幾十年來杜特爾特他並不反對美國人民，而是美國的政策”。她說：”對於摩洛族這些棉蘭老島的穆斯林的不公平遭遇他很憤怒，爲什麼？”因爲他的母親有來自棉蘭老島的穆斯林移民根源。

Duterte is particularly incensed Caduaya says about the alleged massacre of hundreds of Moro Muslims including women and children by U.S. troops on the island of Jolo in 1906. Duterte circulated pictures from that era to his fellow heads of state at last month's ASEAN summit in Laos.

杜特爾特對於Caduaya 說的美軍於1906年在Jolo島上對包括婦孺在內的上百摩羅族穆斯林的屠殺很憤怒。他在上個月在老撾舉行的東盟首腦會議上給其他國家的與會首腦們傳閱了那個時代的圖片。

"When he recalls that incident" Caduaya says "he usually rants."

“每當他想起這件事情”Caduaya 說 “他通常會發脾氣”

Taken together the Meiring incident and the history of U.S. involvement in Mindanao help explain Duterte's mistrust of the U.S. and his profane language in reaction to what he sees as U.S. lecturing about alleged human rights violations in his ongoing war on drugs in which at least 3600 people have been killed.

梅林事件加上美國在棉蘭老島的黑歷史，幫助解釋了杜特爾特對美國的不信任以及他用髒話迴應美國說教他的毒品戰爭侵犯人權，已經有至少3600人在毒品戰爭中被殺。

Even so Duterte says he still values the U.S.-Philippine relationship. He just wants the U.S. to stay out of the Philippines' domestic afairs. Another round of joint U.S.-Philippine Marine exercises went ahead this month though Duterte suggested they may be the last.

即使如此，杜特爾特說他仍然珍視美菲關係。他只是不想讓美國干涉菲律賓內政。這個月美菲海軍又進行了一輪聯合軍演，儘管杜特爾特暗示這可能是最後一次了。

As for Meiring the alleged treasure hunter — he died in the U.S. in 2012. There's still a warrant for his arrest in Davao.

至於所謂的尋寶者梅林--他與2012年死於美國。 達沃市到現在仍然有一個針對他的逮捕令。