雙語科技百科(近現代成就) 第103期:"長征一號"核潛艇
“Long March No.1”nuclear Submarine
On December 26, 1970, the Chinese launched the first nuclear-powered attack submarine, which is the first Han class nuclear-powered attack submarine. On August l, 1974, the CentrAl Military Commission issued an order to name the nuclear submarine “Long March No.1” ( hull number 401) ,and put it into the Navy commission.
1970年12月26日，中國人自行研製的第一艘核動力攻擊型潛艇下水了，這是中國第一艘“漢”級攻擊型核潛艇。1974年8月1日，中央軍委發佈命令，將這艘核潛艇命名爲“長征一號”（舷號401），正式編人海軍戰鬥序列。overall design of “Long March No. 1” began from 1966, and lasted a total of 5 years since the submarine was constructed while it was designed. The first shiplofting was set in the shipyard in May 1968 and the entity construction started in November. The first stage was to build each part of the boat as the whole boat is divided int0 11 parts. In April 1970, the overall water test completed. The crossway parallel operations were adopted in the second stage to install the equipments, from the host, cables, instruments to nuclear reactor components. The third stage was terminal mooring trial. In March 1971 fitting-out in water completed, followed by the reactor June, the reactor reached a critical state. The nuclear-powered submarine went to sea on August 23 for the first navigating experiment, carrying out the water surface navigation having been in progress successively navigates , the periscope’s depth diving and the deep diving trial. The whole process of navigation was smooth and the function of the boat was fine. In January 1974, the nuclear-powered submarine joined the navy, carried out its trial flight, then took service in August in the same year.
“長征一號”的總體設計從1966年開始，邊設計邊建造，共歷時5年。1968年5月，首制艇在造船廠放樣，當年11月實體建造動工。第一階段是分段建艇體，全艇共分成11段，1970年4月完成了總體試水。第二階段是設備安裝，從主機、電纜、儀表到核反應堆部件採取平行交叉的方式作業。第三階段是碼頭繫泊試驗，1971年3月完成了水中舾裝工作，緊接着是進行反應堆裝料。6月，反應堆達到臨界狀態。8月23日，核潛艇首次出海進行航行試驗，先後進行了水面航行，潛望鏡深度潛水和深潛試航，一切順利，潛艇航行性能良好。1974年1月，核潛艇加入海軍，進行檢驗性試航，同年8月服役。
The success of the first nuclear-powered submarine indicated Chinese naval ships and boats equipment technology having arrived at a new stage, showing Chinese People’s determination of catching up with and surpassing the advanced world levels. Chinese navy has owned a nuclear-powered submarine, and China has become the fifth country who owns a nuclear-powered submarine in the world.
中國第一艘核潛艇研製成功，標誌着中國艦艇裝備技術已發展到了一個新階段，表明了中國人民趕超世界先進水平的決心。中國海軍從此擁有了自己的核潛艇，中國成爲世界上第5個擁有核潛艇的國家。“Long March No.l” ( No. 401) is the first Han Class nuclear-powered attack submarine (Type 091) in China. Type 091 Han Class ( SSN) submarines are first- generation nuclear-powered submarines of Chinese navy. All five units of this class were deployed with the North Sea Fleet of Qingdao. With a fully loaded displace ment of 5000 tons, this class is armed with six 533mm torpedo tubes. Work started on the Type 091 Han Class nuclear-powered attack submarine in the late 1950s, though the first unit (No. 401 0r “Long March No. 1”) was not completed until lead boats (401 and 402) , relatively noisy submarines based on 1950s and 1960s technology, suffered radiation problems, so from 403 0nwards (“Long March-III, IV, V”) the hull was extended 8 meters off of the sail. The Xia Class submarines (SLBM) were based on the Han Class units. The first units of this class (401 and 402) had certainly been withdrawn from service, possibly in 2005, while the three newest boats (403, 404, and 405) remained in service after their mid-life refits and renovations.
長征一號核潛艇（401號）即中國第一艘漢級核動力潛艇（091趔），建造於1967年，1974年開始服役。091型潛艇（北約代號漢級潛艇）是中國人民解放軍海軍的第一代核動力攻擊潛艇( SSN)，共製造了5艘，全配備於青島北海艦隊。配備6門533mm魚雷發射管，潛航排水5000噸。中國的核子動力潛艇研發始於1950年代後期，除401號艦“長征一號”外，其他四艘分別是長征二號（402號）、長征三號（403號）、長征四號（404號）及長征五號（405號）。由於401號與402號艦經過多次改良和維修於航行時仍發現雜音，3號艦之後（長征三~五號）作出對應改良，船體增長8米。把漢級潛艇船體再加長、加上潛射彈道導彈( SLBM)，就製成了夏級潛艇。401與402號艦巳於2005年退役，其他三艦在作出了大量更新與改良後正在服役中。
