雙語科技百科(近現代成就) 第106期:"銀河"巨型計算機
The Yinhe Supercomputer
On November 21, 1981, “Yinhe I”supercomputer, with a performance of 100 million Flops, was successfully developed by National University of Defense Technology and got by state verification in Changsha. Yinhe I was at that time the fastest and most powerful computer. Its birth filled in the gap in domestic supercomputer research and marked China entering the rank of international research of supercomputer. China had become the third country in the world which could develop large-scale computer after the US and Japan.
1983年11月21日，由中國人民解放軍國防科技大學研製成功的中國第 一臺億次巨型計算機——“銀河-I”計算機在長沙通過國家鑑定。“銀河-I”巨型計算機是當時運行速度最快、功能最強的計算機，它的誕生，填補了國內巨型計算機研製的空白，標誌着我國進入世界巨型計算機研製的行列。我國成爲繼美國和日本之後第三個能研製巨型機的國家。It was then used in the detection of oil and coal mines. Besides, it was also used for the satellite route analysis. At that time, only a few developed c:ountnes could develop supercomputer. The success of Yinhe brought Chinese computer industry into a very fast development. After Yinhe one , the Yinhe Two and Yinhe Three came out in 1992 and 1993 respectively.
“銀河-I”計算機很快被用於石油和煤炭勘測，此外，也用在衛星運行路線的分析。在當時，只有少數幾個發達國家掌握這項技術。此後，中國在巨型計算機研究領域不斷進步，先後又兩次取得重大突破：國防科技大學研製成功的“銀河．Ⅱ”十億次和“銀河一Ⅲ”百億次巨型計算機，分別於1992年和1997年通過國家鑑定。
In 1997, the large-scale computer “Galaxy-III”that could calculate 13 billion times in one second was developed in the University of National Defense Science and Technology. Galaxy series largescale computers developed by the University of National Defense Science and Technology have displayed its prowess fully in the weather forecasting, which not only enabled our country to rank among few countries that could make mid-term numerical weather forecast, but also remarkably improved the capability of forecasting serious natural calamities and yield enormous economic and social efficiencies.
1997，由國防科技大學計算機研究所研製的“銀河一Ⅲ”百億次巨型計算機系統，在北京通過了國家技術鑑定。我國在設計研製巨型計算機的過程中，堅持研製生產與開發應用相結合，把“好用”、“實用”作爲國產巨型機走向市場的生命線。比如，在首臺巨型機研製時，就與國家氣象部門探討氣象領域對巨型機的需求，突破了向量化並行算法等一系列關鍵技術，開發出了我國第一個全面向量化的大型應用軟件——“高分辨率中期預報模式銀河高效軟件系統”，使國產“銀河”巨型機完成24小時天氣預報的運行時間由過去的10700秒縮短爲3900秒，一年就可爲國家節省機時費300多萬元。使我國成爲世界上少數幾個能發佈5—7天中期數值天氣預報的國家之一。如今，“銀河”系列巨型機廣泛應用於天氣預報、空氣動力實驗、工程物理、石油勘探、地震數據處理等領域．產生了巨大的經濟效益和社會效益。
