雙語科技百科(近現代成就) 第107期:星火計劃
The Spark Program
At the end of the 1970s, the reform of economic institution first started in rural areas in family output related contract responsibility system was established and has aroused the farmers’ enthusiasm for getting rich through hard working and brought about a significant change to the production relations in the rural areas. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the township industries have developed rapidly and the rural economy has become unprecedented active. The specialization and commercialization of agricultural production have made the farmers more and more aware of the importance of science and technology, and hence the requirements for sciences have widely emerged in the rural areas. In March 1985 , the Chinese government started the reform of scientific and technological institution in the whole country, further clarifying the policy for the development of science and technology,“Economic construction must rely on science and technology and scientific and technological workers to be oriented toward rural economy”, extend research achievements of science and technology to rural areas and help develop the rural economy. China is a large agricultural country with the rural population occupying 80% of the national total, and to solve the problems of agricultural, rural areas and farmers is needed by realizing the modernization of China and promoting the development of rural productive May 1985 , the Ministry of Science and Technology submitted to the State Council a suggestion to “implement a batch of scientific and technological projects of quick benefit so as to promote Local economy” , in which the proverb “A single spark can start a prairie fir” was quoted, hence came the name of Spark Program, meaning that the spark of science and technology will extend over the vast rural areas of China. The Chinese government approved the implementation of this program in early 1986.
20世紀70年代末期，中國經濟體制的改革率先在農村起步。家庭聯產承包責任制的建立，激發了億萬農民勞動致富的熱情，使中國農村生產關係發生了一次重大變革。進入80年代以後，鄉鎮工業發展迅猛，農業經濟空前活躍。農業生產的專業化、商品化使農民越來越認識到科學技術的重要性，從而使農村普遍產生了對科學的需求和渴望。1985年3月，中國政府在全國實行科技體制改革，進一步明確了“經濟建設必須依靠科學技術，科學技術工作必須面向經濟建設”的科技發展方針，爲廣大科研院所和科技工作者面向農村經濟主戰場、向農村推廣科技成果、幫助農村發展經濟提供了契機。中國是一個農業大國，農村人口占80%，解決農業、農村和農民問題是實現中國現代化的關鍵，從這個基點出發，順應全國經濟體制改革的形勢和農村生產力發展的需要，1985年5月，國家科委向國務院提出了“關於抓一批短、平、快科技項目促進地方經濟振興”的請示，引用了中國的一句諺語“星星之火，可以燎原”譽名爲“星火計劃”。寓意爲科技的星星之火，必將燃遍中國的農村大地。1986年初中國政府批准實施這項計劃。The Spark Program is the first program approved by the Chinese government to promote the development of rural economy by relying on science and technology and is an important component of plans for the national economic and scientific and technological development. The purpose of the program is to introduce advanced, appropriate technologies into the rural areas and lead the farmers to rely on science and technology in the rural areas, promote rural productivity, and expedite the sustainable, rapid and healthy development of agriculture and rural economy.
星火計劃是經中國政府批准實施的第一個依靠科學技術促進農村經濟發展的計劃，是我國國民經濟和科技發展計劃的重要組成部分。其宗旨是：把先進適用的技術引向農村，引導億萬農民依靠科技發展農村經濟，引導鄉鎮企業的科技進步，促進農村勞動者整體素質的提高，推動農業和農村經濟持續、快速、健康發展。
