雙語科技百科(近現代成就) 第134期:南水北調
South-to-North Water Diversion Project
China's south-to-north water diversion project, to bring relief to China's drought-ridden north by diverting water from the Yangtze River, is an-other mamMoth water conservancy scheme larger even than the Three Gorges Project. The late chairman Mao Zedong first proposed the idea of the diversion project in 1952, intending the ambitious scheme to ease the growing water shortages in the cities of Beijing and Tianjin and the northern provinces of Hebei, Henan and Shandong. The south-to-north water diversion project, a result of 50 years of investigation and research, aims to divert water from the Yangtze River valley to the reaches of Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River so as to ensure the water supply for farming, industry and life in northern China. The project will have three water diversion routes, namely the eastern route, middle route and western route.
南水北調工程是我國優化配置水資源的重大舉措，是解決華北、西北地區缺水的一項戰略性基礎設施工程。此工程的規模和難度都超過三峽工程。爲解決北京、天津、河北、河南和山東日益嚴重的缺水狀況，自1952年毛澤東主席提出南水北調工程設想以來，廣大科技工作者持續進行了50年的勘測、規劃、研究，分別在長江下游、中游和上游規劃了三條調水線路，形成了南水北調東線、中線和西線調水的基本方案。通過三條調水線路與長江、黃河、淮河和海河四大江河的聯繫，爲華北地區供應農業、工業生產用水及生活用水。The eastern route is expected to supply Shandong Province and the northern part of Jiangsu, linking Shandong with the Yangtze River and bringing water north to the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain via the Beijing-Hang-zhou Grand Canal. Diverted from a major branch of Yangtze River, near Yangzhou city, the water will travel along existing river channels to the Weishan mountains of Shandong, before crossing the Yellow River via a tunnel and flowing to Tianjin.
東線工程的供水範圍是黃淮海平原東部地區。東線調水工程從長江下游揚州附近抽引長江水，利用和擴建京杭大運河逐級提水北送，經洪澤湖、駱馬湖、南四湖和東平湖，在位山附近穿過黃河後可自流，經運河到天津。
The central route diverts water from the Danjiangkou reservoir on the Han River via new canals near the west edge of the Huanghuaihai Plain to flow through Henan and Hebei Provinces to Beijing-a diversion rout totalling some l,246km in length. The nearby city of Tianjin will also draw water from the trunk line near Xushui in Hebei Province.
中線工程的供水範圍是北京、天津、華北平原及沿線湖北、河南兩省部分地區。中線調水工程從漢江丹江口水庫引水，沿伏牛山和太行山山前平原，京廣鐵路西側，自流輸水到北京、天津，輸水總乾渠長1246千米。Construction of the western route-which involves working on the Qtinghai-Tibet Plateau-between 3 ,000m- 5 ,000m above sea level-will involve overcoming some major engineering and climatic challenges. Once completed in 2050, the project will bring water from three tributaries of the Yangtze- the Tongtian, Yalong and Dadu rivers-nearly 500km across the Bayankala Mountains and then on to north- west China.
西線工程的供水範圍包括青海、甘肅、寧夏、內蒙古、陝西和山西六省（區）。西線調水工程引水工程擬定從長江上游干支流通天河、雅礱江、大渡河調水，克服施工難、氣候差的挑戰，穿過500多千米的巴顏喀拉山進入位於黃河上游的西北地區。The project was formally launched in 2002. Once it is completed in 2050, about 38 billion t0 48 billion cubic meters of water will be transferred yearly to the areas with a population of 300 million.
南水北調工程在2002年正式開工，預計在2050年全部完工後每年可解決3億人口380億到480億立方米的用水問題。
