漫遊奇境的愛麗絲150歲了

Charles L. Dodgson wanted to be remembered for his mathematical innovations as an Oxford don rather than his colorful personal life and 1865 book, “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,” but despite his efforts to hide behind the pen name Lewis Carroll, it was Alice who made him famous.

查爾斯·L·道奇森(Charles L. Dodgson)希望人們記住自己在牛津擔任教授期間的數學創新，而不是自己豐富多彩的個人生活，以及1865年出版的《愛麗絲漫遊奇境記》(Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland)。然而，儘管他努力藏身在筆名劉易斯·卡羅爾(Lewis Carroll)之後，“愛麗絲”還是讓他出了名。

For the 150th birthday of Alice, authors and curators are mining Dodgson’s correspondence and diaries and editions of her story, which has been published in 174 languages. (An events and publications database is at .)

今年是愛麗絲一書出版150周年紀念日，這本書如今已被翻譯爲174種語言出版（關於這本書的大事記和出版資料收錄於），各種作者與策展人深入研究道奇森的信件和日記，以及愛麗絲故事的各種版本。

Edward Wakeling, a Dodgson biographer, drew on his own collection of 23,353 documents for his forthcoming book “Lewis Carroll: The Man and His Circle” (I. B. Tauris). Dodgson took about 3,000 photos in his spare time, and a third of them will appear in a second forthcoming book from Mr. Wakeling, “The Photographs of Lewis Carroll: A Catalogue Raisonné” (University of Texas Press), due this summer.

愛德華·韋克林(Edward Wakeling)是道奇森的傳記作家，他在蒐集了23353份文件後，寫出了即將出版的《劉易斯·卡羅爾：他和他的朋友圈》（Lewis Carroll: The Man and His Circle, I.B. Tauris）一書。道奇森在空閒時間裏拍了大約3000張照片，其中1/3將會出現在韋克林的下一本書《劉易斯·卡羅爾照片選》(The Photographs of Lewis Carroll: A Catalogue Raisonné, University of Texas Press )中，該書將於今年夏天出版。

Mr. Wakeling intends to debunk the enduring suggestion that Dodgson, who died in 1898 at 65, disliked the company of adults and had an unhealthy interest in little girls. The biography describes lively, diverse friends including actresses, poets, dentists, judges and British royals.

道奇森於1898年逝世，享年65歲，韋克林這本書意在駁斥人們長久以來的想法：他生前並不喜歡與成年人爲伍，而是對小女孩們有着病態的興趣。這本傳記栩栩如生描寫了道奇森的各種朋友，包括女演員、詩人、牙醫、法官和英國貴族。

Dodgson largely avoided journalists, however, which did not help his reputation.

不過道奇森總是躲着記者，這對他樹立名聲沒什麼好處。

“His rigorous attempts to protect his privacy and to shun all forms of publicity made successive generations suspect he had something to hide — some dark secret,” Mr. Wakeling writes in the new biography.

“他很注意保護自己的隱私，躲避任何形式的曝光，這令一代又一代人覺得他肯定有想隱瞞的東西——比如什麼見不得人的祕密，”韋克林在這本新傳記裏寫道。

Mr. Wakeling has steadily acquired archival material. In October, at Cheffins auction house in Cambridge, England, he paid about $5,100 for Dodgson’s three photos of Constance Mary Powell, a Yorkshire schoolgirl whose family was friends with the Dodgsons.

韋克林一直都在收集檔案材料，10月，他在英格蘭劍橋的柴芬斯拍賣會上花了5100美元買下道奇森爲約克郡女學生康斯坦斯·瑪麗·鮑威爾(Constance Mary Powell)拍下的三幅照片，她家與道奇森家是朋友。

Mr. Wakeling also tracks forgeries that have turned up. In 2006, a volume that Dodgson was said to have signed in 1876 was posted on eBay, and Mr. Wakeling declared it a fake. (It was withdrawn.) “The clincher for me was that the person it was inscribed to, Lewis Carroll hadn’t even met yet,” he said.

韋克林也揭露贗品的蹤跡。2006年，eBay上有一卷據說是道奇森於1876年親筆簽名的書，韋克林說它是假的，後來它也被下架了。“我的證據是，劉易斯·卡羅爾當時還沒有遇到那本書的題字裏提及的人。”

On Feb. 10, memorabilia including Dodgson’s math publications and recently restored paper filmstrips, starring Alice from the 1930s, will appear in “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland,” an exhibition at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas, Austin. In June, the British Library will ship Dodgson’s illustrated manuscript to New York for the first time in three decades for a show at the Morgan Library & Museum, “Alice: 150 Years of Wonderland.” And this summer, Oak Knoll Press will publish “Alice in a World of Wonderlands,” a three-volume study of the 7,600 editions of Dodgson’s tale.

2月10日，奧斯汀得克薩斯大學哈利·蘭塞姆中心將舉辦“愛麗絲漫遊奇境記”展覽，屆時將展出道奇森的作品，包括他發表的數學著作，以及新近修復的膠片，包括從20世紀30年代起拍攝的愛麗絲形象。6月，大英圖書館將把道奇森的繪畫手稿運至紐約，這是30年來的頭一遭，這批手稿將在摩根圖書館與博物館的“愛麗絲：漫遊奇境150年”展覽中展出。今年夏天，奧克斯·克諾爾出版社將出版三卷本的《愛麗絲漫遊各種奇境》(Alice in a World of Wonderlands)，書中研究了這個故事的7600種不同版本。

The Grolier Club in New York will show various translations in the fall, borrowing from the volumes’ general editor, Jon A. Lindseth. Mr. Lindseth’s gifts to Columbia will be shown in a fall exhibition about Alice at the university’s Rare Book & Manuscript Library. And other major private collections are going on view, including loans from August and Clare Imholtz at Hornbake Library at the University of Maryland; Byron and Victoria Sewell at the Huntington Museum of Art in West Virginia (with a catalog from Evertype); and Charlie Lovett at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts at Lincoln Center.

紐約的格羅裏埃俱樂部將在今年秋天展出這本書的各種不同譯本，它們由這些書的總編輯喬恩·A·林德賽斯(Jon A. Lindseth)出借。林德賽斯贈給哥倫比亞大學的禮物將於今年秋天，在該校的珍本與手稿圖書館舉辦的愛麗絲展中展出。此外還有其他若干大型個人收藏也會對外展出，其中有馬里蘭大學霍恩貝克圖書館的奧古斯特與克萊爾·伊姆霍爾茲(August and Clare Imholtz)藏品展，西弗吉尼亞亨廷頓藝術館的拜倫與維多利亞·塞維爾(Byron and Victoria Sewell)藏品展（包括一份來自艾弗泰普出版社的目錄），以及查理·拉維特(Charlie Lovett)在紐約公共圖書館爲林肯表演藝術中心舉辦的活動。

Alice connoisseurs enjoy tracing her to the ends of the earth. Mr. Lindseth said in an interview that Mongolian, Kazakh, Tajik and Montenegrin versions were among the most challenging to find. Mr. Imholtz said, “Today came in the mail an Esperanto translation of ‘Through the Looking Glass,’ printed in Ekaterinburg where the Czar was killed.”

愛麗絲的研究者們追溯她的蹤跡，直到天涯海角。林德賽斯在採訪中說，蒙古語、哈薩克語、塔吉克語和黑山語的譯本是最難尋覓的。伊姆霍爾茲說，“今天我收到一份世界語譯本的《愛麗絲漫遊鏡中世界》(Through the Looking Glass)，它是在葉卡特琳堡印刷的，沙皇就是在那裏遇刺。”

DRAWN, ELABORATELY

精美的繪畫

For 19th-century German-American communities, painted pages known as fraktur marked rites of passage. In jagged calligraphy — hence the name, which derives from the Latin word for broken — certificates celebrating births and marriages were wreathed in flowers and angels. Many of these fraktur are appearing in the next few weeks at auctions, antiques fairs and museum shows.

19世紀，德裔美國社區開始使用德文尖角字體(fraktur)裝點各種成人儀式的頁面。這種字體源自於拉丁文字母，以充滿尖角著稱，用於裝點出生證和結婚證，周圍還裝飾着鮮花和天使。接下來幾周，德文尖角字體會出現在很多拍賣會、古玩會和博物館展覽上。

Lisa Minardi, a curator at Winterthur museum in Delaware, has worked on the exhibitions, poring through thousands of fraktur and noting the evidence that artists trying to make a living produced them in haste. The artists charged pennies per sheet, Ms. Minardi said, and when they marred a page with an ink splotch or misspelling, “Sometimes they make it into a little flower and keep going.”

特拉華州的溫特瑟爾博物館策展人麗莎·米納迪(Lisa Minardi)已經籌辦過若干展覽，研究過幾千份德文尖角字體印刷品，她注意到，德文尖角字體的藝術家們爲了謀生，經常粗製濫造。她說，作者每製作一份作品，只收取幾分錢的費用，如果他們在紙上濺上了墨水漬或拼錯了單詞，“有時候他們就畫一朵小花遮住，糊弄過去。”

Fraktur shows will open in February and March at Winterthur, the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Free Library of Philadelphia. Ms. Minardi’s catalog for the Philadelphia Museum show, “Drawn With Spirit: Pennsylvania German Fraktur from the Joan and Victor Johnson Collection” (Yale University Press), points out recurring motifs from practitioners who did not sign works and have not yet been identified. They are known for now with monikers like the Exotic Scenery Artist, the Color Block Artist and the Ruffled Tulip Artist.

溫特瑟爾博物館、費城藝術館和費城自由圖書館都將在二月和三月舉辦德文尖角字體展。米納迪爲費城藝術館展覽撰寫的目錄名爲：“以靈魂繪製：賓夕法尼亞德國尖角字體，來自瓊與維克多·約翰遜(Joan and Victor Johnson)的收藏”（耶魯大學出版社），她在目錄中指出，某些一再重複的主題來自若干從不署名，且至今未能識別的作者們。如今人們用代號稱呼他們，諸如“異國風情藝術家”、“色塊藝術家”和“褶邊鬱金香藝術家”。

The Johnsons kept collecting even as the show and catalog were underway. Last January, they paid about $3,800 for an 1820s fraktur painted with birds and bouquets at a Pook & Pook auction in Downingtown, Pa. The painter, Friederich Speyer, a Lutheran schoolmaster, wrote in uneven letters. Charming flaws can be detected throughout the Johnson collection: hearts and flower petals have asymmetrical lobes, and text lines slant.

直到展覽和目錄籌備期間，約翰遜夫婦還在繼續擴充自己的收藏。去年1月，他們在賓夕法尼亞州唐寧鎮的Pook & Pook拍賣會上花了3800美元，購買了一份19世紀20年代的德國尖角字體作品，上面繪有鳥兒和花束。作者弗里德里希·斯皮耶(Friederich Speyer)是一位路德會校長，使用參差不齊的字母書寫。在約翰遜夫婦的藏品中可以發現種種迷人的瑕疵：心形與花瓣有着不對稱的葉片，一行行文字微微歪斜。

Cara Zimmerman, an Americana specialist at Christie’s in New York, stood before a fraktur birth certificate, for sale on Jan. 23 at the auction house (estimated at $200 to $400), with a misshapen rectangle of text and mismatched stars along the border. “It’s that freehand nature that’s so fabulous,” she said.

卡拉·齊默曼(Cara Zimmerman)是紐約佳士得的一位美國專家，1月23日，她將主持該拍賣行對一份德國尖角字體出生證的拍賣（估價200到400美元），文字呈歪曲的矩形，邊框上有不協調的星星圖案。“這就是這種藝術品著名的手繪特徵，”她說。

The Christie’s lot had previously belonged to the folk art dealer Edith Gregor Halpert, as did a number of the Johnson pieces. Among the other celebrated past owners of the Johnson acquisitions are Albert Barnes, du Ponts and Rockefellers.

佳士得的拍品原本屬於民間藝術交易商伊迪絲·格萊格爾·哈爾珀特(Edith Gregor Halpert)，約翰遜的若干藏品也來自她那裏。約翰遜的藏品中還包括來自阿爾伯特·巴恩斯(Albert Barnes)、都彭(du Ponts)和洛克菲勒等著名藏家的藏品。

Ms. Minardi will be lecturing about fraktur on Jan. 24 at the Winter Antiques Show in Manhattan. At the show, Olde Hope Antiques from New Hope, Pa., will offer fraktur painted with parrots and flowers (from $22,000 to $28,000 each) and a trio with tulips ($24,000 for the set). At the Metro Curates show, opening Jan. 22 in Manhattan, the dealer Jeff R. Bridgman from Dillsburg, Pa., is bringing fraktur with flowers, birds, hearts, suns and crowns, made for two sisters ($10,500 for both fraktur). Leatherwood Antiques from Sandwich, Mass., has floral certificates ($5,800 for a pair) that belonged to Edith Gregor Halpert and then Andy Warhol.

1月24日，米納迪將在曼哈頓的冬季古玩展上就德國尖角字體做一次講座。在這個展覽上，賓夕法尼亞州新霍普的老霍普古玩館將提供繪製着鸚鵡與花朵的德國尖角字體藝術品（每份22000美元到28000美元不等），以及一份繪有鬱金香的三件套作品（一套24000美元）。在1月22日於曼哈頓開幕的Metro Curates展上，賓夕法尼亞州迪爾斯堡的藝術商傑夫·R·布里奇曼(Jeff gman )將帶來裝飾着花朵、鳥兒、心形、太陽和王冠的德國尖角字體藝術品，由兩姊妹製作（兩份10500美元）。馬薩諸塞州桑德維奇的萊塞伍德古玩館有花朵裝飾的德國尖角字體證書（5800美元兩份）。它們最初屬於伊迪絲·格萊格爾·哈爾珀特，後來又屬於安迪·沃霍爾(Andy Warhol)。

From March 5 to 7, a fraktur symposium at the McNeil Center for Early American Studies at the University of Pennsylvania will cover topics including paint formulas, botanical motifs and early collectors who purchased works from descendants of the original patrons.

從3月5日至7日，賓夕法尼亞大學的早期美國研究學會將在麥克尼爾中心舉辦德國尖角字體研討會，探討繪圖公式、植物主題、以及那些原始擁有者的後代們手中買下這些藝術品的早期收藏家。