什麼是主動語態和被動語態
編者按：英語中當主語是謂語動作的發出者時，我們稱之爲主動語態，二擋主語是謂語動作的承受者是就是被動語態。下面小編就來帶你一起學習下，希望對大家有幫助。
1.當主語是謂語動作的發出者時，我們稱之爲主動語態(主動句)。
We speak English.
我們講英語。
(“講”是主語“我們”發出的動作。)
He is writing a letter.
他下在寫一封信。
(writing是主語He發出的動作。)
2. 當主語是謂語動作的承受者時，稱之爲被動語態(被動句)：在中文裏相當於“…被…”的句子。
Class 1 was defeated.
一班被打敗了。
(主語Class 1是defeted的承受者)
A hare was killed.
一隻野兔被打死了。
(A hare是killed的承受者。在形式上A hare是was killed的主語，但在意思上，A hare是killed的賓語，即等於：Someone killed a hare.)
3.大多數“主-動-賓”結構的主動句都可以轉換爲被動句。
(1)將原來的賓語變爲主語，並將原來的主動態動詞詞組變爲被動態動詞詞組。
This factory produces machine tools.
→Machine tools are produced in this factory.
The found a wallet in the car.
→A wallet was found in the car.
They are repairingthe bridge.
→The bridge is being repaired.
They have repaired the bridge.
→The bridge has been repaired.
They often make fun of her.
→She is often made fun of.
He took great care of his books.
→His books were taken great care of.
→Great care was taken of his books.
(2)如果原句帶有情態動詞或半助動詞，在變爲被動句時，助動詞不變，隨後的主動詞變爲被動態。
They should do this right now.
→ This should bedone right now.
They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.
→The applicants maybe being interviewed at the moment.
They must have finished their work.
→Their work must have been finished
He is likely tolet you down.
→You are likely tobe let down.
(3)當主動句變被動句，如果要強調施動者，可將原句主語置於by- 詞組中表達出來。
A boy found this wallet in the street.
→This wallet was found in the street by a boy.
(4)當主動句是一個“主-動-賓-賓”結構時，可以有兩種形式。
Father gave me a toy yesterday.
→I was given a toy yesterday.
→A toy was given to me yesterday.
(5)當主動句是一個“主-動-賓-補”結構時，可將原來的賓語變爲被動句的主語，原來的賓語補語變爲被動句裏的主語補語。
They named the boy Tom.
→The boy was named Tom.
We painted the wall pink.
→The wall was painted pink.
在英語裏，有些表達只能用主動語態。
The door won’t lock.門鎖不上。
The cloth washes well.這布料很耐洗。
The drawer won’t open.這抽屜打不開。
His novel sells well.他的小說銷路很好。
This paper tears easily.這紙一撕就破。
本文作者：丹丹英語 (公衆號：英語語法學習)
本文已獲轉載授權，版權歸作者所有，如需轉載，請聯繫原微信公衆號“英語語法學習”。
