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英語動詞語態:動名詞表被動含義

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1)在need,want,require,deserve和bear等詞的後面,動名詞用主動形式表示被動含義,其含義相當於動詞不定式的被動形式。如:

英語動詞語態:動名詞表被動含義

The house needs repairing(to be repaired).這房子需要修理。

My clothes need washing(to be washed).我的衣服需要洗了。

2)形容詞worth後面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義,但不能跟動詞不定式;而worthy後面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。如:

The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)這本畫冊很值得一讀。

Such a man as Mr.Smith is not worth helping.(=Such a man as Mr.Smith is not worthy to be helped.)像史密斯先生那樣的人不值得幫助。

This plan is not worth considering.(=This plan is not worthy to be considered.)這個計劃不值得考慮。

3)某些動詞不定式的主動形式表被動含義

a.當nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult, important,impossible,pleasant, interesting等形容詞後跟不定式作狀語,而句子的主語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時,這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動含義。如:

Japanese is not difficult to learn.日語並不難學。(指日語被學)

The water is unfit to drink.這水不適合喝。(指水被喝)

The piece of music is pleasant to hear.這首音樂聽起來很悅耳。(指音樂被聽)

This book is easy to read.這本書讀起來很容易。(指書被讀)

b.當動詞不定式在名詞後面作定語,不定式和名詞之間有動賓關係時,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。如:

I have a lot of work to do today.我今天有很多工作要做。(work to do指被做的工作)

He has three children to look after.他有三個孩子要照看。(children to look after指孩子被照看)

注意:如果以上句型用動詞不定式的被動形式,其含義有所區別。如:

I have some clothes to be washed.我有些要洗的衣服。(衣服不是自己洗)

c.在there be...句型中,當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時,不定式用主動或被動式,其含義沒有什麼區別。如:

There is a lot of homework to do(to be done).有很多家庭作業要做。

There are some clothes to wash(to be washed).有些衣服要洗。

4)由介詞for,on,above,under等構成的短語有時可以表達被動含義。如:

His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon.=His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon.他的油畫作品明天下午展出。

5)表示感官意義的連繫動詞如smell,feel,taste,look,sound等在句子中常表達被動含義。如:

How nice the music sounds!這音樂聽起來多悅耳!

Good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦口。

Our school looks more beautiful than before.我們學校看上去比以前更漂亮了。