研究顯示:聽自己吃東西的聲音有助減肥

The sounds you make while chewing have a significant effect on the aMount of food you eat, a new study has found. The results suggest that people are likely to consume less if they can hear themselves eating.
一項新研究發現，咀嚼時發出的聲音對攝入食物的總量有着顯著影響。該研究結果顯示，如果人們能聽到自己吃東西時發出的聲音，則有可能會吃得更少。

Researchers at Brigham Young University and Colorado State University have found that your TV, radio, and computer are making you fat. Not by bombarding you with food ads (though they totally are) but by blocking the sounds of your chewing. In a recent study, they found that the noise your food makes while you're eating can have a significant effect on how much food you eat.
美國楊百翰大學和科羅拉多州立大學的研究人員們已經發現，你的電視、收音機和電腦正在讓你變得越來越胖。但它們讓你變胖的方式並不是給你放各種食物廣告(雖然它們一直在這樣做)，而是封鎖你的咀嚼聲。這些研究人員們在最近的調查中發現，你在吃東西時發出來的聲音會給你吃下的食物總量帶來非常大的影響。

Sound is typically labeled as the forgotten food sense," adds Ryan Elder, assistant professor of marketing at BYU's Marriott School of Management. "But if people are more focused on the sound the food makes, it could reduce consumption."
楊百翰大學麥裏特商學院的市場營銷助理教授Ryan Elder表示："聲音基本被人們當做一種被遺忘的食物感覺。可如果人們能夠更加專注於他們在吃東西時發出來的聲音，那麼這樣做能夠減少他們攝入的食物。"

"For the most part, consumers and researchers have overlooked food sound as an important sensory cue in the eating experience," said study coauthor Gina Mohr, an assistant professor of marketing at CSU.
科羅拉多州立大學的市場營銷助理教授Gina Mohr是本研究的共同作者，他表示："在大部分情況下，消費者和研究人員們均忽視了聲音在進食體驗中扮演的重要感官暗示。"

The team carried out three separate experiments to quantify the effects of "food sound salience" on quantity of food consumed during a meal. In one experiment, participants were given snacks to eat while they wore headphones playing either loud or quiet noises. The ones loud enough to mask the sound of chewing made subjects eat more — 4 pretzels compared to 2.75 pretzels for the "quiet" group.
該團隊做了三個獨立實驗量化咀嚼聲給參與者的食物攝入量帶來的影響。在其中一個實驗中，參與者們需佩戴着耳機吃零食。耳機裏面會播放音量大和音量小的噪音，最後吃東西時耳機中大聲播放噪音的參與者吃下了4塊椒鹽脆餅乾，而聽小聲噪音的參與者吃下了2.75塊椒鹽脆餅乾。

In another of their experiments they found that just having people hear chewing sounds through an advertisement can decrease the amount they eat.
在另外一個實驗中，研究人員們發現讓人們聽廣告中的咀嚼聲能夠減少他們的食物攝入量。

Elder and Morh call this the "Crunch Effect." The main takeaway of their work should be the idea of mindfulness, they said. Being more mindful of not just the taste and physical appearance of food, but also of the sound it makes can help consumers to eat less.
Elder和Morh稱其爲"咀嚼聲效應"。他們表示他們研究工作的中心思想應該是專注。人們不僅僅應該專注於食物的味道和外表，還應該專注於吃東西時的聲音，這有助於人們吃得更少。

When you mask the sound of consumption, like when you watch TV while eating, you take away one of those senses and it may cause you to eat more than you would normally," Elder said. "The effects many not seem huge —one less pretzel— but over the course of a week, month, or year, it could really add up."
Elder說："當你看着電視吃東西的時候，你的咀嚼聲就被遮蓋住了，這樣做的後果是你可能吃得比平時多。這種影響也許看起來並不大，只是一兩口飯而已，但長期下來它會累積起來讓你發胖。"

So the next time you sit down for a meal, take your headphones off and mute the TV. Or find a movie where there's a lot of very audible chewing.
因此下次你再坐下來吃飯的時候，請拿下耳機調低電視的聲音，或者你也可以放一部有許多咀嚼聲的電影。