10個從事獵首的邪惡部落(下)

5 The Naga People

5 那加人

The Naga people are a conglomerate of several tribes in northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. Seventeen of these tribes have similar cultures and form the Indian state of Nagaland.

那加人包括印度東北部和緬甸西北部的幾個部落，其中17個部落有相似的文化，形成了印度的那加蘭邦。

Other Naga tribes can be found in the adjoining states of Manipur, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh as well as in Myanmar. The Naga tribes practiced head-hunting and preserved their enemy’s heads as trophies. In the northeast part of the country, Assam was known to have one of the Most savage of the Naga tribes.

其他那加部落分佈在毗鄰的馬尼派爾邦、阿薩姆邦和阿魯納恰爾邦以及緬甸境內。那加部落將敵人的首級作爲戰利品保存。阿薩姆邦的那加部落被認爲是印度東北部最野蠻的。

The word Assam means “peerless” in the extinct Ahom language, which is the perfect meaning for a group of particularly vicious headhunters who believed that they were above the rest. All the people living south of the Brahmaputra River were formerly headhunters.

在失傳的阿霍姆語中，“阿薩姆”的意思是“無與倫比的”，這個意思對一羣特別惡毒的獵首者來說很完美，因爲他們相信自己是人上人。雅魯藏布江以南的所有人以前都是獵首者。

Most head-hunting groups were warrior-like attackers, but the Assam tribe approached their prey in a sneakier manner. They used surprise tactics by parties of raiders to take the heads of their enemies.

大部分獵首部落都是類似戰士的攻擊者，但阿薩姆部落會用偷襲的方式接近獵物，讓突擊隊通過奇襲獲得敵人的首級。

4 Qin Soldiers

4 秦兵

Some of the oldest reports of head-hunting are from the Qin army in China during the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475–221 BC). The Qin warriors eventually defeated six other states in war, making the Qin dynasty the first unified, centralized state in Chinese history.

一些獵首的最早記錄來自中國春秋（公元前770至公元前475年）和戰國時期（公元前475至221年）的秦軍。秦軍最終打敗了其他六國，使秦朝成爲中國歷史上第一個統一的中央集權國家。

The Qin soldiers were mostly slaves who were looking for a way to move their families to freedom. The soldiers would collect the heads of their murdered enemies and were sometimes granted freedom as a result. It was a great motivator for the Qin army, but it terrified their enemies.

秦兵大多是想讓自己家成爲自由民的奴隸。他們殺敵並收集首級，有時會因此獲得自由。這是秦軍的一個強大動力，也嚇倒了他們的敵人。

3 Taiwanese Aborigines

3 臺灣原住民

The Taiwanese aborigines were divided into various tribes and areas, but all of them participated in head-hunting except for the Yami people. Late settlers of Taiwan and Japan were often the victims of aboriginal head-hunting raids because the newcomers were seen as invaders, liars, and enemies.

臺灣原住民包括多個部落和地區，除亞米人之外，他們都進行過獵首。臺灣和日本後來的定居者常常成爲原住民獵首的目標，因爲他們被視爲入侵者、騙子和敵人。

The practice of head-hunting continued during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan. It finally ended in the 1930s due to suppression by the Japanese government.

獵首在臺灣日據時期繼續存在。 由於日本政府的鎮壓，它在20世紀20年代才消失。

Before Taiwan was colonized by Japan, head-hunting was practiced regularly and heads would be found at various ceremonies like birthdays, funerals, and weddings. Some heads were boiled and left to dry, and they were often seen hanging from trees. When a group returned with a head, it was sometimes a cause for celebration because the aborigines thought that it would bring good luck.

在臺灣被日本殖民之前，獵首會定期發生，頭顱可以在諸如生日和婚葬等各種儀式上找到。有的頭被煮熟晾乾，常被看見掛在樹上。一羣人帶回頭顱，有時會引起慶祝，因爲原住民認爲它會帶來好運。

2 The Celts

2 凱爾特人

The Celts of Europe practiced head-hunting mainly for religious reasons in the beginning. They were known for nailing the heads of their victims to walls or even dangling them from their horses while riding. Later, the Celts were converted to Christianity by the demi-Celtic Gaels, but the practice of head-hunting continued.

歐洲的凱爾特人獵首，一開始是爲了宗教目的。他們將受害者的頭顱釘在牆上，甚至在騎馬時將它們掛在馬上。後來，凱爾特人被半凱爾特的蓋爾人變成了基督徒，但獵首的做法仍在繼續。

After a while, collecting heads became less of a religious event for the Celts and more traditional and warrior-like. This practice lasted until the end of the Middle Ages in Ireland.

漸漸的，凱爾特人收集頭顱就不再出於宗教，而更像傳統和戰爭儀式了。 這種做法持續到愛爾蘭的中世紀結束。

1 The Jivaro People

1 希瓦羅人

The South American Indian people known as Jivaro lived on the eastern slopes of the Andes and were known to be the most vicious of all the groups when it came to head-hunting. The Jivaro were warlike, and they remain proud that they were never really conquered by others.

被稱爲希瓦羅人的南美印地安人生活在安第斯山脈東麓，被認爲是獵首者中最兇殘的人。希瓦羅人好戰，並因從未真正被征服過，至今深感自豪。

This group was made up of tribes that were known for head-hunting and for shrinking the heads that they took. If you take an orange and hold it in your hand, that would be about the size of a Jivaro shrunken head.

希瓦羅人部落以收集和縮小頭顱而聞名。如果你手頭有橙子，希瓦羅人縮小過的頭就那麼大。

The Jivaro people would start by removing the skull of their enemy, and then they would pack the skin with hot sand. This would help shrink the head to that of a small monkey while preserving any features and tattoos. The tribe believed that taking the heads of others would give them supernatural power. They were also motivated by a desire for revenge on anyone they thought deserved it.

希瓦羅人先除去敵人的頭骨，然後用熱沙包裹皮膚。這有助於將頭縮小到小猴子頭的大小，同時保留所有特徵和紋身。部落認爲，獵首能給他們超自然的力量。向他們認爲應得的人復仇的願望，也是他們的動力。

The Shuar, who called a shrunken head a tsantsa, was the most dangerous tribe within the Jivaro group. The taking of heads is no longer practiced by their tribe, but they still produce replica heads to sell to tourists who visit the area.

舒阿人管縮小的頭顱叫，是希瓦羅人中最危險的部落。他們的部落現在不再進行獵首，但會做複製品賣給前來的遊客。