女性的薪水爲何常比男性少?

Some women who achieve highly enough to get into Oxford University would suffer self-doubt, according to the statistics of the university's careers service.

根據牛津大學就業服務中心的統計資料顯示，那些能考進牛津大學的優秀女性有些竟然也會產生自我懷疑的問題。

They found that while men and women were equally academically able, a significant number of women were shying away from jobs in sectors such as banking and management consultancy fearing they would not be successful at them. Instead, they entered careers in areas perceived as more woman-friendly such as teaching, publishing and marketing.
他們發現，當男性和女性在學業上同等優異時，很大一部分女性卻會因爲畏懼而放棄銀行和管理諮詢這些領域的工作，因爲她們害怕自己無法勝任。相反，她們更願意從事一些對女性更加友好的工作——如教學、出版和銷售。

In addition, women were earning less on leaving Oxford than their male counterparts, partly because they were more likely to take lower-paid jobs, but also because they were far less likely to negotiate their first salaries.
另外，從牛津大學畢業的女性薪資也比她們的男同學要少，一部分原因是她們更傾向於選擇薪資低的工作，還有一部分原因是她們不想和上司商議自己的第一份薪水。

Sue Hewitt says society probably still expects women to be more modest than men, and that women instinctively want to be liked, so they avoid doing anything that will risk alienating others.
蘇·休伊特說，可能社會仍然希望女性比男性謙虛低調，這種觀念使女性從本能上想博得身邊人的喜愛，所以她們不願意做一些可能會與別人疏遠的工作。

Anni Townsend believes confidence is affected by how females are treated while growing up.
安妮·湯森德認爲，女性在成長過程中得到的對待影響了她們的自信。

"There are women who have told me that no matter how well they did at school, they were never good enough for their parents," she says. "As a result they never felt successful. Society' focus on the way women look can also stop us pushing ourselves forward."
“有女性跟我說，無論她們在學校成績多好，父母的標準永遠高於她們成績之上，”安妮說。“結果，這些女性從不覺得自己成功。另外，社會對於女性外貌的關注也會阻礙女性前進的步伐。”

A recent research says: "A woman's looks are often the number one factor by which she is judged to be worth something, as opposed to her intellect. When a woman is running for the presidency, comments about her appearance will be graffitied on her posters."
一項最近的研究顯示：“女性的外貌通常是判斷其能否勝任某一工作的第一指標，相反她的能力卻不是第一位的。如果女性要競選總統，那麼海報上則會大肆出現對於她外貌的評論。”