悲劇的誕生The Birth Of Tragedy 第80期:孑然一身走入另一世界

The third place went to Sophocles, who had boasted that, in contrast to Aeschylus, he not only did the right thing but knew why he did it.

索福克勒斯名列第三，他自詡比諸埃斯庫羅斯做了更正確的事，而且正因爲他知道甚麼是正確的，所以毅然爲之。

Evidently it was the transparency of their knowledge that earned for these three men the reputation of true wisdom in their day.

這三人之所以同樣被稱爲“有識之士”，顯然是因爲他們有這種明確的知識罷了。

It was Socrates who expressed most clearly this radically new prestige of knowledge and conscious intelligence when he claimed to be the only one who acknowledged to himself that he knew nothing.

關於這種對知識和見識的空前的新估價，蘇格拉底曾說過最精闢的話，他發現自己是唯一自認爲無知的人；

He roamed all over Athens, visiting the most distinguished statesmen, orators, poets and artists, and found everywhere merely the presumption of knowledge.

他懷着批判的心情走遍雅典，拜訪過最偉大的政治家，演講家，詩人，藝術家，但處處唯見人們以知識自負。

He was amazed to discover that all these celebrities lacked true and certain knowledge of their callings and pursued those callings by sheer instinct.

他愕然發現，所有這些名人對於自己的業務也沒有真知灼見，他們只靠本能執業罷了。

The expression "sheer instinct" seems to focus perfectly the Socratic attitude.

“只靠本能”，我們憑藉這句話可以接觸到蘇格拉底傾向的要點和核心。

From this point of view Socrates was forced to condemn both the prevailing art and the prevailing ethics.

蘇格拉底主義以這句話非難當代的藝術和當代的道德。

Wherever his penetrating gaze fell he saw nothing but lack of understanding, fictions rampant, and so was led to deduce a state of affairs wholly discreditable and perverse.

蘇格拉底以探索的眼光到處觀察，而只見到處盡是真知的貧乏，偏見的猖獗，他便推斷當代情況之所以荒謬惱人，主要是由於缺乏真知灼見。

Socrates believed it was his mission to correct the situation: a solitary man, arrogantly superior and herald of a radically dissimilar culture, art, and ethics, he stepped into a world whose least hem we should have counted it an honor to have touched.

從此以後，蘇格拉底就認爲他有移風易俗的責任，他以清高孤傲的氣宇，以一種截然不同的文化、藝術、道德之先驅者的姿態，孑然一身走入另一世界之中，我們倘能以肅然起敬的心情觸到他的衣邊，也引爲莫大幸事了。