悲劇的誕生The Birth Of Tragedy 第142 悲劇的觀衆
Thus the aesthetic listener is also reborn with the rebirth of tragedy.
In his place in the theater, a curious quid pro quo used to sit with half moral and halfscholarly pretensions--the "critic."
以前，代替他們坐在劇場裏的觀衆，往往是道貌岸然自命博學的quidproquo（魚目混珠）的怪人，即所謂“批評家”。Everything in his sphere so far has been artificial and merely whitewashed with an appearance of life.
以前，在他的範圍內，一切都是矯揉粉飾的生活假象。
The performing artist was really at a loss how to deal with a listener who comported himself so critically; so he, as well as the dramatist or operatic composer who inspired him, searched anxiously for the last remains of life in a being so pretentiously barren and incapable of enjoyment.
演劇的藝術家真不知如何對付這樣吹毛求疵的觀衆；所以演員，以及鼓舞他的劇作家或曲作家，都要煞費苦心地在這樣無聊、自負、不識鑑賞的觀衆身上，尋找一點殘餘的情趣。So far, however, such "critics" have constituted the audience: the student, the schoolboy, even the innocuous female had been unwittingly prepared by education and newspapers for this kind of perception of works of art.
然而，向來就是這類“批評家”構成觀衆：中學生，小學生，甚至最無害的婦女，已經不知不覺地被教育和刊物養成這樣的藝術觀。Confronted with such a public, the nobler natures among the artists counted upon exciting their moral-religious emotions, and the appeal to the moral world-order intervened vicariously where some powerful artistic magic ought to enrapture the genuine listener. Or some more imposing, or at all events exciting, trend of the contemporary political and social world was so vividly presented by the dramatist that the listener could forget his critical exhaustion and abandon himself to emotions similar to those felt in patriotic or warlike moments, or before the tribune of parliament, or at the condemnation of crime and vice--an alienation from the true aims of art that sometimes had to result in an outright cult of tendentiousness.
藝術家中的優秀份子，對付這樣觀衆，唯有指望喚起他們的道德宗教情操；在其實應該以強烈藝術感染力使真正觀衆心蕩神馳的場合，劇作家反而要乞援於道德世界的秩序，或則要鮮明地刻劃一些重大的，至少是激動人心的，當代政治社會傾向，例如，愛國運動或戰爭時代，國會辯論或犯罪裁判，使觀衆忘記了挑剔而被這類感情吸引；——這已經去藝術的真正目的甚遠，而必然直接陷於對這種傾向的迷信。然而，向來一切假藝術所遭遇的命運，在這裏發生了：這些傾向非常迅速地衰落了，The attempt, for example, to use the theater as an institution for the moral education of the people, still taken seriously in Schiller's time, is already reckoned among the incredible antiques of a dated type of education.
譬如，使用戲劇爲民衆教育的手段，這種傾向，在席勒時代是嚴肅對待的，現在已落於不足爲訓的古風廢習之列。While the critic got the upper hand in the theater and concert hall, the journalist in theschools, and the press in society, art degenerated into a particularly lowly topic of conversation, and aesthetic criticism was used as a means of uniting a vain, distracted, selfish, and moreover piteously unoriginal sociability whose character is suggested by Schopenhauer's parable of the porcupines.
當批評家雄霸於劇場和音樂廳，當新聞記者控制了學校，報紙支配了社會，那時藝術便淪爲茶餘酒後的閒談，審美批評被目爲結團虛榮、狂亂、自私、加以毫無創見的可憐蟲之手段。叔本畢曾用豪豬來比喻這種人的性格；As a result, art has never been so much talked about and so little esteemed.
其結果，是藝術從來沒有被人談論這麼多，但受人敬重這麼少。But is it still possible to have intercourse with a person capable of conversing about Beethoven or Shakespeare?
然而，我們還能夠交上一個懂得談論貝多芬或莎士比亞的朋友嗎？Let each answer this question according to his own feelings: he will at any rate show by his answer his conception of "culture," provided he at least tries to answer the question, and has not already become dumbfounded with astonishment.
讓每個人照自己的感想答覆這個問題吧：他無論如何會用他的答案表示他對“文化”的認識，要是他至少肯嘗試解答這問題，而不是瞠目結舌，啞口無言的話。On the other hand, many a being more nobly and delicately endowed by nature, though he may have gradually become a critical barbarian in the manner described, might have something to say about the unexpected as well as totally unintelligible effect that a successful performance of Lohengrin, for example, had on him-
另一方面，許多得天獨厚的人，雖則已經逐漸變成批評的蠻子，有如上述，但他們也許還會談談例如“羅恩格林”的成功表演對他們產生那料想不到莫明其妙的影響：-except that perhaps there was no helpful interpreting hand to guide him; so the incomprehensibly different and altogether incomparable sensation that thrilled him remained isolated and, like a mysterious star, became extinct after a short period of brilliance.
不過這也許因爲沒有任何人的手在指點他，提攜他，所以當時使他激動的種種不可思議，無可比擬的感覺，始終是獨立的，宛若一顆神祕的星光，在剎間一閃之後，便熄滅了。But it was then that he had an inkling of what an aesthetic listener is.
然而，唯有那時，他才揣摩到審美觀衆的心情。
