世界上十大最受歡迎的博物館(上)

Every major city in the world – well, the good ones at least – have at least one museum. These Popular tourist destinations house widely diverse and interesting collections and they are a celebration of education , history and culture. The following institutions attract a staggering 53.8 million visitors a year and are globally recognised as outstanding places of learning.

全世界的各個主要城市——至少是比較繁華的那一些——都擁有至少一座博物館。這些博物館作爲熱門的旅遊目的地都各有千秋，它們是集教育、歷史、文化爲一體的饕餮盛宴。令人難以置信的是，下面這些博物館每年能夠吸引多達5380萬的遊客，被譽爲學習的殿堂。

e d'Orsay, France

10.法國奧賽博物館

The Musee d'Orsay is situated on the left bank of the River Seine in Paris, France, and it was officially opened in 1986. Originally constructed in 1900 as a railway station, Gare D'Orsay soon became unsuitable for the larger trains which were being used for mainline service in 1939. The station was originally planned for demolition before being granted a reprieve and being commissioned for renovation in 1974. Today, the museum holds mostly French art dating from 1848 to 1915, and it includes paintings, sculptures, furniture and photography. It houses the largest collection of impressionist and post-impressionist art pieces in the world, with an extensive collection by Monet, Manet, Seurat, and Van Gogh. The museum annually attracts around 3.6 million visitors per year and has on display over 2,000 paintings and 600 sculptures and other works.

奧賽博物館位於法國巴黎塞納河的左岸，於1986年正式開館。最初於1900年建立時，奧賽站還是一個火車站。但從1939年開始，大型火車開始普遍使用，奧德賽站無法適應這樣的改變。這座火車站本來計劃拆毀，但是後來暫緩執行，直到1974年被翻修後，又重新投入使用。如今，這座博物館保存了法國1848年到1915年大部分藝術藏品，包括畫作、雕塑、傢俱以及攝影作品。此外它是世界上擁有最多印象派、後印象派藝術家作品的博物館，這些藝術家包括包括莫奈、馬奈、修拉以及梵高。這座博物館每年吸引360萬遊者參觀，展出超過2000幅畫、600件雕塑以及其他展品。

re Georges Pompidou, France

9.法國喬治龐比度中心

As one would expect, President Georges Pompidou commissioned this museum which was officially opened in 1977. The centre is split between being a public library and a national art museum, and its design (courtesy of Italian and British architects) was met with some pretty polarising views. One critic commented that it was 'France's own monster, like the one in Loch Ness' and another called it 'love at second sight'. The centre has 5 million visitors – 3.8 million of which are from the museum – and it has several major exhibitions organised each year to keep attendance high. In 2013, it was home to a retrospective Dali display which saw over 7,300 visitors per day – a new record. Currently, the centre has plans to expand through Europe, Asia and Central and South America.

正如名字所示，這個博物館由喬治·龐比度總統授命建立，並在1977年正式開館。這個藝術中心被分爲兩部分：公共圖書館和國家藝術博物館，由意大利和英國的建築家共同設計，但人們對於這種風格卻褒貶不一。一個評論家說這個藝術中心就是“法國自產的怪物，猶如尼斯湖水怪”，但另一個卻說“多看幾眼，你就會愛上她”。這個中心有500萬參觀者，其中380萬是爲了博物館而來。博物館每年會組織各種各樣的主題展覽，以保證參觀人數。2013年，它組織了一個回顧西班牙畫家達利作品的展覽，當時每天有7300人蔘觀，突破了記錄。現在，這個藝術中心計劃在歐洲、亞洲、中南美州進行擴展。

onal Gallery of Art, North America

8.美國國家美術館，美國北部

The National Gallery of Art (along with its sculptural garden) is situated in Washington DC. First opening in 1937, the museum is open to the public and free of charge. Andrew W. Mellon, an American banker, industrialist and art collector, donated a substantial art collection and funds for its construction. The gallery specialises in paintings, drawings, sculptures, photographs, medals and prints which date from the Middle Ages to the present. Amongst its most spectacular pieces are the largest mobile ever constructed by Calder and Da Vinci's only painting in the Americas. In 1941, the Gallery began its prints collection with 400 donated by private collectors. Between 1943 and 1949, this collection grew rapidly with an additional 22,000 pieces donated by Lessing Rosenwald. Today, it has more than 75,000 prints and continues to add new pieces annually. The National Gallery has around 4.2 million visitors per year and it is the United States second most popular museum.

美國國家美術館（及其雕塑廳）位於美國首都華盛頓—哥倫比亞特區。自1937年開館， 一直對外免費開放。成就此美術館的當屬安德魯·威廉·梅隆，他是一位銀行家，實業家和藝術品收藏家，爲美術館捐獻了大量個人珍藏的藝術品且輔以資金支持。該美術館收藏了中世紀至今的油畫，素描，攝影，獎章和版畫作品，最負盛名的展品當是由卡爾德製作的最大手機和達·芬奇留在美國的唯一一幅畫作《吉內夫拉·德本奇像》。後於 1941年，該美術館在私人收藏家們捐贈的400幅繪畫作品支持下更着力於畫作收藏工作。1943年至1949年，收藏品數量大幅增加，期間包括萊辛·羅森沃爾德捐贈的22000件藏品。如今，它已有75000多件畫作且每年都會收藏新的作品。國家美術館的參觀人數每年約爲420萬人，這樣讓它成爲美國第二大受歡迎的博物館。

onal Palace Museum, Taipei

7.國立故宮博物館，臺北

The National Palace Museum is situated in Taipei, Taiwan. It has a permanent collection of over 1 million pieces of Ancient Chinese artifacts, treasures, inventions and priceless artifacts – making it the largest collection of its kind in the entire world. The collection spans over 15,000 years of history; from the Neolithic age, to the Qing Dynasty, right up into the modern era. The majority of the collection once belonged to the Chinese Emperors and it first began construction in 1964. However, the museum was unable to accommodate its vast collection of 600,000 artifacts and faced repeated renovation and expansion in 1967, 1970, 1984 and 1996. In 2002, a $21 million revamp meant that the museum was partially closed for five years to make it more modern and spacious. Only 1% of the collection is on display at a given time, whilst the rest remains stored in temperature controlled vaults. With continuous rotation of its artifacts, the museum attracts 5.4 million viewers per year.

國立故宮博物館位於臺灣的臺北。它有超過一百萬件關於中國古代藝術的永久收藏品——它們包括各式珍寶，發明創造和價值連城的工藝品。而這些藝術品使它成爲了世界上擁有最多中國古代藝術品的博物館。它始建於1964年，其收藏品橫跨了一萬五千多年的歷史，從新石器時代到清朝，又躍至當今社會，其中大部分收藏品出自中國曆代君王的珍藏。然而，它卻難以容納六十多萬件數量如此龐大的藝術品羣，以至於在1967，1970，1984和1996年進行過多次的整修和擴建。在2002年，臺北投入了2100萬美元，並關閉了部分展館，耗費了五年時間對它進行了一次大整修，以使它更加現代化，寬敞明亮。如今只有百分之一的藝術品同時進行展覽，其餘藏品則暫時保存在溫度恆定的保管庫中。輪換的展覽品可爲博物院每年吸引近540萬參觀者。

can Museums, Italy

6.梵蒂岡博物館，意大利

Pope Julius II founded the Vatican Museums within the city's boundaries in the early 16th century. Today, they display works from the exceptionally extensive collection built up by the many Popes throughout the centuries, and this includes some of the most important pieces of Renaissance era art in the world. There are 54 galleries in total, with the most well known being the Sistine Chapel. On the last Sunday of each month, the museum opens for free and it is a common sight to see people lining up to queue for many hours. This has helped contribute to its enormous popularity, seeing upwards of 5 million visitors annually.

在16世紀早期，教皇尤利烏斯二世在梵蒂岡這個城市的邊緣建造了梵蒂岡博物館。如今，它陳列着幾個世紀以來教皇們絕無僅有的大量藏品，甚至包括文藝復興時期部分最爲重要的作品。該館共有54個展覽館，其中便有最爲聲名遠揚的西斯廷教堂。博物館只在每月的最後一個週日免費開放，最常見的景象就是人們爲了進館排起長龍，等上好幾個小時。這種收費制度吸引了龐大的參觀人羣，每年至少五億參觀者慕名而來。

審校：大洋彼岸的一條魚 編輯：凱珊 來源：前十網