BBC榜單：世界最偉大10家博物館

Musee d’Orsay, France
奧賽美術館，法國

Standing on the Left Bank of the Seine, this venerable Paris museum was opened in 1986 in a former Beaux-Arts railway station and hotel. The layout uses its previous incarnation to full effect – galleries cluster around the grand nave and light streams in through its sweeping glass roof. Conceived to bridge the gap between the collections of the Louvre Museum and the Pompidou Centre, it focuses on late 19th and early 20th Century art and houses the world’s largest collection of impressionist and post-impressionist paintings.
這個古老的巴黎博物館屹立於塞納河左岸，成立於1986。其前身是美術館火車站酒店。佈局充分展現了其前身的輝煌——畫廊集中在大中堂，陽光通過巨大的玻璃屋頂。人們人們把它當作盧浮宮博物館和蓬皮杜中心之間的橋樑，它側重於十九晚期和第二十世紀早期的藝術，坐擁着世界上最大的印象派和後印象派繪畫收藏品。

National Museum of Art, Osaka
國立美術館，大阪

After the original 1970s building was demolished, a new structure designed by César Pelli opened in 2004. The majority of the museum – including its art collections – is subterranean, with only the entrance lobby above ground. For maximum wow factor, Pelli’s studio created a towering intertwining glass-and-steel entrance designed to resemble reeds along a riverbank or stalks of bamboo.
在1970年代的建築被拆除後，新建成的版本由CésaR Pelli設計並於2004開放。博物館的大部分，包括它的藝術收藏品，都處於地下，只有入口大廳是在地面上的。最讓人眼前一亮的是，Pelli的工作室創造了一個高聳的纏繞型的玻璃鋼入口，形似沿河岸的蘆葦或竹子。

Guggenheim, Spain
古根海姆博物館，西班牙

The impressive building stands on the edge of the Nervión River in the old industrial heart of of the city, its glass and limestone structure clad in waves of titanium. It was an immediate sensation; among its fans, the architect Philip Johnson hailed it “the greatest building of our time”.
這座令人印象深刻的建築矗立在Nervión河邊，該地方是城市的老工業中心，其玻璃和石灰石構成的主體被用一波一波的鈦包裹。它一建成變立即引起了轟動，它的粉絲種包括建築師菲利普·約翰遜，他稱讚它是“我們的時代最偉大的建築”。

Oscar Niemeyer Museum, Brazil
尼邁耶博物館，巴西

The museum was opened in 2002-3 and nicknamed ‘the eye’ as it resembles a giant human eye perched on a yellow pillar. The legendary Brazilian architect who designed it (and gave it his name) was a key figure in the modern movement; he was 95 when the building was completed. A 2,000 sq-ft museum space houses international art along with many of Niemeyer’s own works.
博物館成立於2002-2003，綽號爲“眼睛”，它像一個巨大的人類的眼睛，棲息在一個黃色的支柱上。設計它的是一位傳奇的巴西建築設計師，他爲這座建築冠上了自己的名字，他在現代主義運動中是一個關鍵人物；當建築完工時，他已經95歲了。這個2000平方英尺的博物館房間裏陳列着國際藝術，其中許多是Niemeyer的作品。

British Museum, London
大英博物館，英國

The architect Robert Smirke designed the core of the museum, which opened in 1852, in the neo-Classical style. The grand south entrance, with its impressive pediment and pillars, drew inspiration from ancient Greece. In 2000, Foster and Partners created a new Great Court, which, with its spectacular glass roof, transformed the museum’s inner courtyard into the largest covered space in Europe.
建築師Robert Smirke設計了博物館的核心部分，該館在1852開業，其具有新古典風格。南大門有着令人印象深刻的三角牆和柱子，其靈感來源是古希臘。在2000年，福斯特和起合作伙伴創造了一個新的大法院，它有着壯觀的玻璃屋頂，他們將博物館的內部庭院改造成爲歐洲最大的內部空間。

Royal Ontario Museum, Canada
皇家安大略博物館，加拿大
This museum of natural history, art and culture is Canada’s largest, with over six million items in its collection. In addition to its original and 20th Century buildings, Studio Daniel Libeskind’s new entrance design, which opened as the Michael Lee-Chin Crystal in 2007, was described by the museum as “a distinctive new symbol for Toronto for the 21st Century”. The complex prismatic structure of glass and aluminium on a steel frame has its detractors though – in 2009 it made number 8 on a list of ‘the world’s ugliest buildings’.

該博物館的自然歷史，藝術和文化是加拿大首屈一指的，其擁有着六百萬多件收藏品。除了它是二十世紀的獨特建築，丹尼爾·裏伯斯金工作室設計的新入口，在2007年的米迦勒李秦水晶博物館對外開放，它被描述爲“多倫多二十一世紀的獨特新標誌”。雖然有人批評由玻璃和鋁鋼框架組成的複雜的棱鏡結構，但是被列爲2009“世界最醜建築“第八名。

Museo Soumaya, Mexico City
索瑪亞博物館，墨西哥市

The private cultural institution was established in 1994 and ranges across two sites – Plaza Loreto and the Plaza Carso in Mexico City. The latter, which opened in 2011, was designed by Mexican architect Fernando Romero, engineered with Ove Arup and Frank Gehry. A 151ft (46m) structure clad in 16,000 hexagonal aluminium tiles, the six-floor museum contains work predominantly from Mexico and Europe, including the largest collection of Rodin’s works outside of France. Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia.
私營文化機構成立於1994，其橫跨墨西哥城的洛雷託和卡索廣場。後者是在2011對外開放的，由墨西哥建築師Fernando Romero設計，由Ove Arup和Frank Gehry進行工程監督的。其151英尺（46米）結構是由16000六邊形鋁磚包裹而成，博物館六樓的作品主要來自墨西哥和歐洲，包括Rodin在法國以外最大的作品。

Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia
冬宮博物館，聖彼得堡 俄羅斯

One of the largest and oldest museums in the world, the Hermitage was opened in 1764 by Empress Catherine the Great and houses over three million pieces of art and cultural artefacts. The sprawling state museum complex consists of a number of buildings, including the grand green-and-white Winter Palace, the former home of the Russian Tsars. The colossal palace was designed in the main by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli in an elaborate Baroque style.
世界上最大和最古老的博物館——冬宮，在1764，由女皇凱瑟琳在宣佈開放，其擁有超過三百萬件藝術品和文物。龐大的州立博物館由許多建築物組成，包括宏大的綠白相間的冬宮和俄羅斯沙皇的故居。巨大的宮殿基本上是由Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli設計的巴洛克風格。

Museum of Islamic Art, Doha
伊斯蘭藝術博物館，多哈

Opening in the Qatari capital in 2008, this museum was designed by the Pritzker Prize-winning architect IM Pei. At the age of 91, Pei travelled throughout the Arab world for six months collecting inspiration for the project. The towering five-storey limestone structure perches on reclaimed land with views across the Doha waterfront and its two wings are connected by a large central courtyard. It houses a collection of Islamic art from over 1,400 years.
於2008在卡塔爾首都開放，該館是由普利茨凱獎得者，貝聿銘建築師設計。91歲時，裴在阿拉伯周遊了六個月，爲該項目收集靈感。五層高聳的石灰岩結構矗立在多哈海濱周圍的開墾地上，它的兩個翅膀由一個大的中央庭院連接。它收藏着超過1400年的伊斯蘭藝術品。

Vatican Museums, Italy
梵蒂岡博物館，意大利

The Vatican City’s museums were opened by Pope Julius II in the 16th Century; its complex contains 52 galleries and is one of the largest museums in the world. The museum’s collection of religious sculpture and painting includes works by Raphael, Titian and Caravaggio. Its rooms include the Gallery of Maps and the Gallery of Tapestries and its very last sala is the magnificent Sistine Chapel, its walls decorated with works by artists including Perugino and Botticelli and the vaulted ceiling painted by Michelangelo.
梵蒂岡博物館由教皇尤利烏斯二世在16世紀宣佈開放。它的建築羣包含52個畫廊，是世界上最大的博物館之一。該館收藏着宗教雕塑和繪畫，包括拉斐爾、提香和卡拉瓦喬的作品。它的房間包括地圖和織錦畫廊，其最後的大廳是華麗的西斯廷教堂。它的牆面上裝飾着藝術家佩魯吉諾和波提且利的作品，拱形的天花板上有着米切朗基羅的作品。