美國總統特朗普欲廢除出生公民權

Last Tuesday, US President Trump said he will try to end the right to citizenship for babies born in the US to noncitizens.

美國總統特朗普上週二聲稱，他將尋求終止非美國公民在美國出生子女的公民權。

He will issue an executive order, he said, to override the 14th Amendment of the Constitution, which states that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside."

特朗普表示，他將簽署一項行政令推翻美國憲法第14修正案，該修正案規定：“所有在美國出生或者入籍並接受其司法管轄的人，都是美國和他們所居住州的公民”。

"We're the only country in the world where a person comes in and has a baby, and the baby is essentially a citizen of the United States ... with all of those benefits," Trump said in an interview with Axios news website.

特朗普在接受Axios新聞網採訪時稱：“美國是世界上唯一一個只要你進來生個孩子，這個孩子本質上就成爲美國公民的國家，享受所有福利。”

He's wrong. At least 30 countries subscribe to the principle of jus soli, wherein a person's citizenship is based on the territory of his or her birth. Simply put, birthright citizenship.

其實他錯了。至少有30個國家實行國籍出生地原則，即一個人的國籍根據其出生地決定。簡言之就是出生公民權。

Jus soli is law in Canada, the US and nearly every country in South and Central America.

國籍出生地原則在加拿大、美國以及南美州和中美州的幾乎所有國家是一項法律。

Sociologist John Skrentny theorized that jus soli is strongest in the Western Hemisphere because of the region's colonial history. Traditionally, lenient naturalization laws made it more appealing for Europeans to travel to -- and settle in -- the New World.

社會學家約翰·斯克倫特尼認爲，由於西半球的殖民歷史，國籍出生地原則在西半球最爲牢固。傳統上，寬鬆的入籍法律更吸引歐洲人前往新大陸並在那裏定居。

That was important, Skrentny told PolitiFact, because "getting people to move in was a good way to establish authority."

斯克倫特尼向PolitiFact透露，這一點很重要，因爲“讓人們遷入是建立權威的好方法。”