主謂一致的用法

在英語句子裏，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律，大致可歸納爲三個原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。

　　一、就近一致原則

在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。

1. 當兩個主語由either …… or， neither …… nor， whether …… or ……， not only …… but Also連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?

2. there be句型be動詞單複數取決於其後的主語。如果其後是由and連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.

注意：Here引導的句子用法同上。

　　二、語法一致原則

語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、複數形式上保持一致。

1. 以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式;主語爲複數時，謂語動詞用複數形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意：由what引導的主語從句，後面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但若表語是複數或what從句是一個帶有複數意義的並列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用複數形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

2. 由連接詞and或both …… and連接起來的合成主語後面，要用複數形式的謂語動詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意：(1)若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它後面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如：The writer and artist has come. (2)由and連接的並列單數主語前如果分別有no， each， every more than a (an) ， many a (an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

3. 主語爲單數名詞或代詞，儘管後面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式;若主語爲複數，謂語用複數形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.

4. either， neither， each， every 或no +單數名詞和由some， any， no， every構成的複合不定代詞，都作單數看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

注意：(1)在口語中當either或neither後跟有“of+複數名詞(或代詞)”作主語時，其謂語動詞也可用複數。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of後面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數;若它後面的名詞是複數，它的謂語動詞用單數或複數都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.

5. 在定語從句時，關係代詞that， who， which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數;如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用複數形式。這些詞有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

注意：people， police， cattle等名詞一般都用作複數。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名詞”構成的短語以及由“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中後面名詞的數而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

注意：a number of“許多”，作定語修飾複數名詞，謂語用複數;the number of“……的數量”，主語是number，謂語用單數。

8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其後的主語一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

　　三、邏輯意義一致原則

邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式爲單數，但意義爲複數;有時形式爲複數，但意義爲單數)。

1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代詞可以是單數，也可是複數，主要靠意思來決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

2. 表示“時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的複數作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式，這是由於作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

3. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的複數形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.

4. 表數量的短語“one and a half”後接複數名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數形式(也可用複數。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

5. 算式中表示數目(字)的主語通常作單數看待，其謂語動詞采用單數形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

6. 一些學科名詞是以 –ics 結尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等，都屬於形式上是複數的名詞，實際意義爲單數名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn‘t easy to study.

7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等詞作主語時，謂語用複數，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

8. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，動詞用複數。