新概念英語第二冊語法總結：主謂一致大綱

I．單數主語：
1．當 every-, some-, any-, no- 等構成的不定代詞及 each, either, neither 作主語時，謂語動詞爲單數。
● Someone has told me about it.
● Neither of us likes the film.

2．當 every 或 each 位於兩個由連接詞連接的單數主語前，謂語動詞用單數。（必記之要點！）
● Each girl and boy has a nickname.
● Every man and woman is welcome.

3．位於主謂之間的介詞短語不影響謂語動詞的數，謂語動詞須和主語一致。常見介詞短語有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc.
（這是一幾乎所有考試都不願放過的重點。）
● The teacher along with his Students is going to the party.
● His parents as well as his elder sister have come to see him.

II．複數主語：

1．當主語由 and 或 both ... and 連接，通常採用複數謂語動詞。
● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.

2．如主語是both, few或主語前有both, few, several, many 等限定詞時，謂語動詞須用複數。
● Several novels have been written by her.
● Both got the news at the same time.

3．下列名詞總是複數形式且謂語動詞必須用複數。
trousers, pants, jeans, glasses, scissors, tweezers, plier,  scales , compasses, etc.
● The trousers here are mine.

別忘了：如果以上名詞受 “a pair of” “the pair of”修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。
The pair of pants is too dirty.

III．單、複數的靈活運用：

1．當主語由 neither... nor, either... or, not only ... but also 或 or 連接時，謂語動詞與nor, or, but also後面的詞一致，在英語語法中，這被稱之爲“就近原則”。
● Neither he nor I am going to the airport.
● Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.

2．當主語前面有 none, all, some, any, most, half, majority等詞時，謂語動詞則根據主語的具體情況而採用相應的單、複數。
● All of the money has been in the bank. (money 是不可數名詞)
● All of us have been here.

3．“a number of”是複數，修飾可數名詞，謂語動詞爲複數，“the number of”也修飾複數名詞，但謂語動詞用單數。（黃金要點！！）
● A number of students have passed the exam.
● The number of students in this class is 50.

IV. 用作單數的複數形式主語：

1．如主語是指：time, money, weight, volume, etc. 雖爲複數形式，但謂語用單數形式。
● Two years is a short time.
● One hundred dollars is needed by me.

2．下列單詞如：physics，economics，mathematics，statistics，etc；measles，mumps，herpes，etc，news，ethics，politics，etc. 爲複數形式，但謂語動詞用單數。
● Statistics is a dull subject.
● Politics is important.

3．書、報、雜誌、電影的名稱作主語，謂動用作單數。
● The New York Times is a good newspaper.

V．下列名詞在形式上保持不變，但謂語動詞的數取決於其意義：

1．family，team，class，committee，group，audience，faculty，etc.
● The family is big.（總體）
● His family like to watch TV.（家庭所有成員）

2．species，series，etc.
● The species is rare.
● These species are common.

3．sheep，deer，etc.
● The sheep are eating grass.
● The sheep is big.

VI. Chinese, English, French, etc 指語言時，謂動是單數，如與 "the" 搭配，指人民時，謂語動詞用複數。

English is used widely.
The English love peace.

VII. 注意下列外來語的單複數形：

單數                                                     複數
basis                                        bases
crisis                                        crises
criterion                                    criteria
phenomenon                             phenomena
radius                                       radii
alumnus                                    alumni
datum                                       data
medium                                     media
index                                         indices
appendix                                   appendices
alga                                           algae
vita                                            vitae

測試精編

1. Students today are writing ________ of poetry.
A. a great many lines      B. quantities of lines      C. lots lines       D. a large number

2. The bookstore had not ordered ________ texts for all the students in the course.
A. plenty of                    B. enough
C. as many                     D. enough of

3. — What did you see?  — We saw ________ police there.
A. many       B. much       C. little       D. the

4. — Do you want to wait?  — Two weeks ________ too long for me to wait.
A. is          B. are         C. were       D. was

5. There they were greeted by a woman called Zenobia, ________.
A. being a beautiful woman of wealth and position
B. who is beautiful woman of wealth and position
C. a beautiful woman of wealth and position
D. and a beautiful woman of wealth and position

（後設答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……）

KEYS

1. A    2. B    3. A    4. A    5. C