考研英語閱讀經典美文雙語

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Hillary Clinton, US secretary of state, has called for the US and its partners to reduce their dependence on China ’s production of so-called rare earths, in some of the most forthrightcomments on the topic by a senior American official.

美國國務卿希拉里·克林頓呼籲美國及其盟友減少對中國稀土的依賴，這是迄今爲止美國高官就稀土問題發表的最爲坦率的言論之一。

But she welcomed a statement by Beijing on Thursday that it would not use its sway over the market as a bargaining tool with other economies.

中國政府週四表示，不會將中國在稀土市場中的主導地位看作是與其他經濟體討價還價的工具。希拉里對此聲明表示歡迎。

China made that announcement after Mrs. Clinton decided to visit the country on her prolonged Asian tour. She is due to meet Dai Bingguo, state counselor for foreign policy, in Hainan Island on Saturday.

中國政府是在希拉里決定延長亞洲之行順便造訪中國之後發表以上聲明的。她將於週六在海南島與中國負責外交政策的國務委員戴秉國會晤。

Rare earths are used for high-technology products such as precision-guided weapons and hybridcars. Beijing dominates the market with some 97 per cent of production, even though it has only 36 per cent of world reserves.

稀土是用於生產精確制導武器和混合動力汽車等高科技產品的原料。中國在稀土市場上佔據主導地位，年產量佔全球的97%左右，儲量只有全球總量的36%。

This year it has cut export quotas, increased duties and has been accused by Tokyo of choking off Japan’s supplies-an accusation China has denied.

今年，中國削減了稀土出口配額，提高了關稅。日本政府指責卡斷日本的稀土供應——中國對此予以了否認。

The Obama administration has also been looking into reports that China had halted some shipments to the US.

奧巴馬政府也在調查中國扣壓部分對美髮貨的報告。

“The entire world has to seek additional supplies in order to protect the important production needs that these materials serve,” Mrs. Clinton said at a meeting in Hawaii with Seiji Maehara, Japan’s foreign minister. “These are elements that are critical to industrial production, not only in Japan and the US.”

希拉里在夏威夷會晤日本外相前原誠司時表示：“全世界都必須另外尋找稀土的供應源，以保護那些重要的生產需求。這些元素不只對日本和美國重要，它們在所有國家的工業生產中都發揮着至關重要的作用。”

Her comments come at a time of strain in US-Chinese ties over issues such as Beijing’s renminbi policy, its subsidies for green energy, and US efforts to deepen co-operation with many of China’s neighbors in south-east Asia.

希拉里發表上述言論之際，美中關係正陷入緊張。兩國間的主要問題包括中國匯率政策、綠色能源補貼，以及美國與中國許多東南亞鄰國深度合作等。

Mrs. Clinton added that the current focus on rare earths “served as a wake-up call” that, being so dependent on only one source, risked disruption through natural disasters or “other kinds of events”.

希拉里補充，當前的稀土問題“爲我們敲響了警鐘”：嚴重依賴某一種資源，可能在自然災害或“其他事件”發生時帶來風險。

The US trade deficit soared in August as surging Chinese imports worsened global economic imbalances and stoked rising American anger with China’s exchange rate policy.

美國8 月份貿易逆差猛增。美國認爲從中國的進口激增加劇了全球經濟的失衡，引發美國對中國匯率政策的憤怒。

The data, published on Thursday, come ahead of Friday’s release deadline for the US Treasury’s twice-yearly report on exchange rates, in which it has to decide whether or not formally to name China as a currency manipulator. Despite congressional pressure, the Treasury has so far refrained from using the label, arguing that it makes no practical difference to relations with Beijing.

這一數據是週四發佈的。星期五美國財政部就要發表一年兩度的匯率報告，在報告中財政部必須決定是否要將中國正式列爲匯率操縱國。儘管國會施加了壓力，但財政部一直避免使用“貿易操縱國”這一說法，稱這麼做對美中關係沒有實質性的好處。

The figures released by the commerce department showed the deficit in goods and services widening by 8.7 per cent to $46.3bn. That figure was the second highest gap of the year, exceeding economists’ expectations. The rise was driven by US businesses stocking up on consumer goods and cars at the end of summer.

美國商務部發布的數據顯示，商品和服務貿易逆差擴大了8.7%，升至463億美元。這是今年出現的第二大逆差，數額之大超出了經濟學家的預想。美國企業在夏末增加了消費品和汽車的庫存，這是逆差上升的原因。

Exports ticked up by 0.22 per cent to $153.8bn, the highest level in two years, but were outstripped by imports, which jumped by 2.1 per cent to $200.2bn.

美國的對外出口也有小幅度的增加，上浮0.22 個百分點，至1538 億美元，創兩年來出口額的最高水平。但出口增幅明顯不如進口，進口增加2.1%，至2002 億美元。

“The structural US trade deficit continues to persist on the lack of Chinese demand for US exports,”said Michael Woolfolk, analyst, BNY Mellon Global Markets.

紐約銀行梅隆全球市場分析師邁克爾·伍爾福克表示，“如果中國對美國出口缺乏需求，美國的結構性貿易逆差將持續存在。”

In August, imports from China rose by 6.1 per cent to a record $35.3bn. That left a US trade shortfallwith its most politically sensitive trading partner at a record $28bn at a time when the US is intensifying its scrutiny of China for creating trade imbalances by undervaluing the renminbi.

8 月份，美國從中國的進口增加6.1%，達353 億美元，這是個創紀錄的數字，使美國與中國這對政治上最敏感的貿易伙伴的逆差額飆升至史無前例的280 億美元。美國一直以來都在關注因中國不願讓人民幣升值而造成的貿易失衡。

Economists expect imports to the US to cool as the end of the year nears because consumer demand remains tepid. Ian Shepherdson, chief US economist at High Frequency Economics, notes that much of the expansion of the deficit in August was due to rising oil prices and a drop in aircraft orders.

經濟學家預測，由於消費者需求萎靡不振，美國的進口額將會在年底降溫。高頻經濟學的首席美國經濟學家伊恩·謝潑德森指出，8 月份貿易逆差的擴大很大程度上是由於油價上升和飛機訂單下降。

The US deficit with China accounts for about half of its shortfall with the rest of the world. US deficits with the European Union, Canada and Japan also widened in August.

美國對華貿易逆差佔美國對全球其他所有國家貿易逆差總額的大約一半。8月份，美國對歐盟、加拿大和日本的貿易逆差也有所擴大。