考研英語雙語美文閱讀
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A brain chemical dubbed ‘ the horMone of love ’could encourage wallflowers to become more outgoing at social gatherings, a study shows. Now researchers have found it improves the social skills of the shy-but has little effect on those who are naturally confident. The finding could have implications for those with severe social deficiencies, often apparent in conditions like autism.
一種名叫“愛情荷爾蒙”的大腦刺激藥品能夠幫助害羞的人在社交場合“暢所欲言”。研究者發現，這個藥品改進了害羞的人的社交技巧，但是對那些“天生自信”的人卻“收效甚微”。研究發現，藥品對那些患有嚴重的社交缺陷的人療效明顯，比如：自閉症患者。
They conducted a test of 27 healthy adult men, giving them the hormone or a placebo via a nasal spray and then asking them to perform an‘empathetic accuracy task’. This involved watching others discussing emotional moments in their lives, then rating how they felt those people were feeling. The scientists, whose research is published in Psychological Science, also measured the participants’ social competency, using a test known as AQ which is usually used in autistic patients.
研究邀請了27 名健康男性，對他們進行了針對性測試。用噴霧給他們“注射”荷爾蒙，進而觀察在“強調準確性”的任務中的表現。他們觀察別人談論生活中激動人心的時刻，實驗再對他們就他人身上發生的事情的感受能力打分。研究還對參與者的“社會能力”進行了測試，測試中囊括了一種叫做“逆境商數”(AQ)的測驗。這種測驗通常用來測試自閉症患者。
The more socially comfortable participants performed well on the empathetic accuracy task regardless of whether they were on oxytocin or placebo, but less socially proficient participants performed significantly better on oxytocin, with their empathetic accuracy performance identical to that of the socially proficient participants. Prof Jennifer Bartz, of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, said: “Oxytocin is widely believed to make all people more empathic and understanding of others. Our study contradicts that. Instead, oxytocin appears to be helpful only for those who are less socially proficient. Our data show that oxytocin selectively improves social cognition in people who are less socially proficient, but had little impact on more socially proficient individuals.”
不管有沒有“催產素”，表現“自信”的人都在“同情心測試”中表現得很好，但是“不那麼自信”的人的表現卻顯著提升，甚至到達了和“自信”的人一樣的水平。西奈山醫院的詹妮弗·巴茨教授說：“人們普遍認爲‘催產素’能使人變得更加有同情心，更能理解別人。但是我們的研究與這種觀點不同。我們認爲“催產素”對那些社交能力不強的人很有效果。我們的數據顯示“催產素”可以選擇性地改善人們的社交認知能力，它對社交能力不強的人效果很好，但是對本身就很自信的人沒有什麼效果。
考研英語雙語美文閱讀2：Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding music training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.
掌握一門樂器能夠使大腦發生變化。這是美國的一項最新研究發現，通過音樂訓練還能夠提高演講和外語水平。
Although it has been suggested in the past that listening to Mozart or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music boosts brain power.
儘管過去就有人提到過聽莫扎特或其他古典音樂可以讓人變得更聰明，但是並沒有足夠的證據證明音樂能提高人的智商。
But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled together research that links musical training to learning that spills over into skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.
如今，美國西北大學的一項研究從數據出發，分析探討了音樂訓練對語言、演講、記憶力、注意力甚至感情表達等能力的影響。
Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the neural connections made during musical training also enhanced the brain for other aspects of human communication.
據研?a href="">咳嗽蹦菽?middot;克勞斯介紹，他們的研究數據充分表明，音樂訓練過程中所產生的神經元連接能增強大腦在人際溝通等方面的能力。
“ The effect of music training suggests that, akin to physical exercise and its impact on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development,”the researchers said in their study.
在研究報告中，這些研究人員這樣說道：“與體育鍛煉對身體健康的影響一樣，音樂能夠增強大腦活力，增強聽覺的敏銳度。所以我們有必要重視音樂在個人發展中所起的作用。”
Kraus said learning musical sounds could enhance the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide a scaffolding of patterns that are important to learning.
克勞斯還說，學習聲樂能夠提高大腦的應變能力，也可以幫助神經系統建立起一個有利於學習的架構。
The study, published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, looked at the explosion of research in recent years focused on the effects of music training on the nervous system which could have strong implications for education.
該成果發表於《神經系統科學自然評論》上，對近幾年該領域內的最新研究進行了回顧和分析。這些研究主要關注的是音樂訓練對神經系統的影響及其可能會對教育產生的潛在影響。
The study found that playing an instrument primes the brain to choose what is relevant in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.
研究發現，演奏樂器能幫助提升大腦從各種複雜的過程中分辨出有價值信息的能力，這一複雜的過程可能包括看譜、記譜，計時或與其他樂師配合等。
“A musician’s brain selectively enhances information-bearing elements in sound,” Kraus said in a statement. “In a beautiful interrelationship between sensory and cognitive processes, the nervous system makes associations between complex sounds and what they mean.”
克勞斯在一項聲明中說：“音樂家的大腦能夠有選擇性地從聲音中分辨出載有信息的元素。在感覺和認知的不斷交互和融合中，神經系統能把複雜的聲音和它們所表達的意思聯繫起來。”
考研英語雙語美文閱讀
