悲劇的誕生The Birth Of Tragedy 第127 歌劇的興起
It was in accordance with the laically unmusical crudeness of these views that the combination of music, image, and words was effected in the beginnings of the opera.
In the spirit of this aesthetic the first experiments were made in the leading amateur circles of Florence by the poets and singers patronized there.
依照這種美學的精神，在佛羅倫斯外行人的上流社會裏，那些託庇的詩人和歌唱家從事最先的試驗。The man incapable of art creates for himself a kind of art precisely because he is the inartistic man as such.
人沒有藝術能力而爲自己創造一種藝術，正因爲他本身是不懂藝術的人。
Because he does not sense the Dionysian depth of music, he changes his musical taste into an appreciation of the understandable word-and-tone-rhetoric of the passions in the stilo rappresentativo, and into the voluptuousness of the arts of song.
因爲他不能揣摩醉境音樂的深奧，所以他的音樂趣味就變成了欣賞抒情調中容易瞭解的熱情之綺聲豔語，和歌唱藝術的靡靡之音；Because he is unable to behold a vision, he forces the machinist and the decorative artist into his service.
因爲他沒有能力見到幻象，所以他強迫舞臺佈景師和裝飾藝術家爲他服務；Because he cannot comprehend the true nature of the artist, he conjures up the "artistic primitive man" to suit his taste, that is, the man who sings and recites verses under the influence of passion.
因爲他不懂得掌握藝術的真正身質，所以他便依照自己的藝術趣味幻想出那種“愛好藝術的原始人”，也就是說，在熱情的影響下歌唱和吟誦詩句的人們。He dreams himself back into a time when passion sufficed to generate songs and poems; as if emotion had ever been able to create anything artistic.
他夢想回到當熱情足以產生歌和詩的古代，彷彿感情向來就能夠創造出藝術性作品似的！The premise of the opera is a false belief concerning the artistic process: the idyllic belief that every sentient man is an artist.
‘歌劇的前提是一種關於藝術創作過程的錯誤信念，其實就是牧歌式的信念：以爲凡是有所感觸的人都是藝術家。This belief would make opera the expression of the taste of the laity in art, dictating their laws with the cheerful optimism of the theoretical man.
就這種信仰而言，歌劇便成爲藝術上庸俗趣味的表現，於是以理論家的樂觀主義欣欣然對藝術發號施令。
