一萬年前的英國人長什麼樣

The first modern Briton had “dark to black” skin, groundbreaking new analysis of his 10,000-year-old remains has revealed.

研究人員對一萬年前的英國人的遺骸進行了全新的研究。分析結果顯示，第一位近代英國人擁有“接近黑色的深色”皮膚。

Britain's oldest complete skeleton, known as Cheddar Man, was unearthed more than a century ago in Gough's Cave in Somerset.

英國最古老的完整骨架是100多年前在薩默賽特郡戈夫島的洞穴中被髮掘的，他又被稱爲切達人。

But an unprecedented examination of his DNA, along with a facial reconstruction of the fossil, shows the young man would have had a darker complexion than previously thought, along with blue eyes and dark, curly hair.

不過，研究人員對他的DNA進行了首次檢測，同時對他的面部進行了復原，結果顯示，這名年輕男子的膚色比此前預計的要深，而且他還有藍色的眼睛和深色的捲髮。

Previous reconstructions of Cheddar Man, which were not based on DNA data, depicted him with a lighter skin tone.

先前對切達人的復原並非基於DNA數據，當時的復原把他描繪成淺膚色的人種。

Yet research by evolution and DNA specialists suggests the pigmentation associated with northern European ancestry is a more recent development.

然而，進化和DNA專家的研究指出，與北歐祖先相關的色素沉着是近期才逐漸形成的。

The research and remodelling process was documented for Channel 4 programme The First Brit: Secrets of the 10,000 Year Old Man.

這項研究和重塑的過程將在第四頻道《第一個英國人：一萬年前的祕密》節目中作記述性報道。

Researchers Professor Ian Barnes and Dr Selina Brace extracted DNA data from bone powder by drilling a 2mm hole through the skull's inner ear bone.

研究員伊恩·巴爾內斯教授和賽琳娜·佈雷斯博士在顱骨的內耳骨上鑽了一個2毫米的小孔，收集到一些骨粉，然後從中提取了DNA數據。

They scanned the skull and a 3D model was produced by “paleo artists” Alfons and Adrie Kennis.

他們掃描了這塊顱骨，然後由“史前藝術家”阿爾方斯·肯尼斯和阿德里·肯尼斯爲其製作了3D模型。

The twins, who have created reconstructions for museums around the world, spent three months working on Cheddar Man.

這對雙胞胎爲世界各地的博物館製作復原模型，他們用了三個月的時間製作了切達人的模型。

Cheddar Man, thought to have died in his twenties and have had a relatively good diet, lived in Britain when it was almost completely depopulated about 300 generations ago.

據悉，這名切達人死於二十多歲，他有着相對良好的飲食，生活在300代人之前的英國，當時的人口幾乎全部滅絕。

Although previous populations had settled in Britain long before his arrival, they were wiped out before him and he marked the start of continuous habitation on the island.

雖然在切達人到來之前就有人定居在英國，但在他之前那些人就滅絕了，切達人的到來標誌着該島嶼開始迎來持續居住人口。

Genetically, he belonged to a group of people known as the “Western Hunter-Gatherers”, Mesolithic-era individuals from Spain, Hungary and Luxembourg.

從遺傳學的角度講，切達人屬於中石器時代來自西班牙、匈牙利和盧森堡的“西方遊獵採集部族”。

His ancestors migrated to Europe from the Middle East after the Ice Age. Britain has been inhabited ever since and today about 10 per cent of White British people are descended from the group.

他的祖先在冰河時代之後從中東移居至歐洲，自那以後就在英國定居下來。如今約10%的英國白人是該羣體的後裔。

Alfons said: “People define themselves by which country they’re from, and they assume that their ancestors were just like them. And then suddenly new research shows that we used to be a totally different people with a different genetic makeup.

阿爾方斯表示：“人們通過所屬國家來定義自己，而且他們認爲自己的祖先就像他們一樣。而新研究突然表明，我們（的祖先）過去是完全不同的人，還擁有不同的基因組成。”

“People will be surprised, and maybe it will make immigrants feel a bit more involved in the story. And maybe it gets rid of the idea that you have to look a certain way to be from somewhere. We are all immigrants.”

“人們會感到驚訝，它也許會使移民有更多的參與感。而且這也許會使你擺脫必須以某種方式來確定自己來自何處的想法。因爲我們都是移民。”