巴黎的完美天際線恐將不保

The last skyscraper built in Paris opened in 1973, an unadorned dark block, rising 59 stories — the Montparnasse Tower. It was considered a disaster. To this day, Parisians joke that the tower offers the best views in the city, because it is the only place from which you cannot see it. City officials went to work banning future skyscrapers altogether.

巴黎的最後一個摩天大樓是1973年揭幕的蒙帕納斯大廈(Montparnasse Tower)，它是一座樓高59層、樸素的黑色大樓。它被認爲是一個災難。直至今日，巴黎人仍愛開玩笑說，這座大樓的視野是全城最好的，因爲只有在這裏你看不見它。市政府後來乾脆禁止再蓋摩天大樓。

Now, however, four decades later, Paris is again considering a new skyscraper — a triangular, 42-story glass office tower designed by the Swiss architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron that would stand in the city’s southwest corner.

不過，四十年後，巴黎再度考慮建造摩天大樓——一座42層的三角形玻璃寫字樓。它由瑞士建築師雅克·赫爾佐格(Jacques Herzog )和皮埃爾·德默隆(Pierre de Meuron)設計，位於該市西南角。

Over the years, Parisians have come to embrace some of the city’s bolder architectural adventures, such as the glass pyramids inside of the Louvre courtyard or the Pompidou Center, built with its network of colorfully painted water pipes and air-conditioning ducts on the outside. But the resistance to skyscrapers has been fierce.

這些年來，巴黎人在建築上開始接受一些更爲大膽的嘗試，比如盧浮宮庭院裏的玻璃金字塔或蓬皮杜中心——這個建築的外側佈滿五顏六色的水管和空調管道網。但是人們對摩天大樓的抗拒依然強烈。

For some Parisians, the new proposal is another Montparnasse in the making, an architectural star turn that would further disfigure one of the city’s key selling points — an almost perfect 19th-century skyline.

有些巴黎人覺得這個新項目在走蒙帕納斯大廈的老路，會進一步削弱這座城市的一個關鍵賣點——幾近完美的19世紀天際線。

For the last few decades, they say, the city has done very nicely by keeping office towers outside the city limits in areas like La Défense, on its western edge, now a forest of glass and steel.

他們說，過去幾十年，這座城市成功地把寫字樓排除在市區範圍之外，集中在西側的拉德芳斯等地區，那裏現在是玻璃鋼筋的森林。

But in these trying times, with the country’s economy moribund, the mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, has been arguing otherwise, delighted to see such a huge private investment in an area of Paris that, at the moment, is not much to look at.

但如今時勢艱難，該國經濟停滯不前，所以巴黎市長安妮·伊達爾戈(Anne Hidalgo)對此持不同態度，她樂於在目前相貌平平的一個巴黎區域看到這樣一個巨大的私人投資項目。

For now, the area is a collection of conference centers that lie between the highway that runs around the city periphery and a not particularly distinguished residential neighborhood in the 15th Arrondissement, near the Porte de Versailles.

目前，這個地區集中了很多會議中心，它們位於環繞市中心的高速公路和第15區凡爾賽門附近一個不太顯眼的住宅區之間。

The tower would provide 5,000 construction jobs, city officials say. It would offer marquee office space that could attract new companies to establish headquarters here. Backed by Unibail-Rodamco, a top European property developer, the Triangle Tower would cost about 500 million euros, or about $627 million.

市政府官員稱，這座大廈將提供5000個建築工作機會。它將提供寬敞的辦公空間，吸引新公司在這裏建總部。這座三角形大廈由歐洲頂級地產開發商尤尼百-洛當科集團(Unibail-Rodamco)投資，將耗資約五億歐元，約合6.27億美元。

“There are many selling points to this project,” said Jean-Louis Missika, the city’s deputy mayor for architecture and urbanism. “It would be an important economic development for the city.”

“這個項目有很多賣點，”巴黎市負責建築和城市化的副市長讓-路易斯·米西卡(Jean-Louis Missika)說，“它將是這座城市的一個重要經濟增長點。”

Mr. Missika argues that a project like the new tower would act as a kind of lighthouse, giving distinction to the entire neighborhood, as Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, prompted a rejuvenation of that city.

米西卡認爲，新大樓這樣的項目將具有燈塔作用，給整個街區帶來亮點，正如弗蘭克·蓋裏(Frank Gehry)設計的古根海姆博物館給西班牙畢爾巴鄂帶來活力。

Nonetheless, the project came close to dying this week as it failed to garner enough votes in the City Council. But as the vote came to an end, the winners made the mistake of brandishing their “no” ballots, making public what was supposed to be a private poll — and giving Ms. Hidalgo an opening to bring the whole matter to court.

不過，本週這個項目差點胎死腹中，因爲它在市議會沒有得到足夠的票數。但是在投票接近尾聲時，獲勝方犯了個錯，他們炫耀自己的“否決”票，公開了這個本該私密的投票，伊達爾戈因此可以把整件事提交法庭。

The vote was close, 78 to 83, pitting Ms. Hidalgo’s Socialist city councilors against those from the center right and the environmentalist parties. A little more time and a new vote, city officials believe, and the tower might yet be built.

票數很接近，78票對83票，伊達爾戈的社會黨城市顧問對陣中右翼和環保主義黨派。市政府官員們相信，再多給一點時間，再來一次新投票，這座大廈仍有可能修建。

Those against the project are furious at the mayor’s maneuver. “It the vote had gone the other way, you can be sure that the mayor would have been just fine with it,” said Olivier de Monicault, the president of SOS Paris, an association founded in the 1970s to oppose architectural projects, such as skyscrapers, that it believed would destroy Paris’s distinct heritage.

反對該項目的人士對市長的操縱感到憤怒。“如果投票結果是相反的，市長肯定不會去管，”拯救巴黎協會(SOS Paris)的主席奧利維爾·德·莫尼科(Olivier de Monicault)說。該協會創立於20世紀70年代，旨在反對它認爲破壞巴黎獨特遺產的建築項目，比如摩天大樓。

Mr. de Monicault said there were all kinds of arguments to be made against the tower, including that it was not a tower, but a wall that would cast a huge shadow on the surrounding neighborhood.

莫尼科說，反對修建這座大廈有很多原因，比如，它不是個大廈，而是一面牆，會令周圍街區見不到陽光。

But perhaps most fundamental, he said, is the fear of doing damage to the look and feel of the city: “Tourists do not come here to see Manhattan,” he said.

但他說，也許最根本的原因是擔心它破壞這座城市的外貌和感覺，“遊客來這裏不是爲了看曼哈頓”。

Leading the charge against the tower in the City Council was Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet, from the center-right Union for a Popular Movement, who ran for mayor against Ms. Hidalgo this year and lost.

在市議會反對修建該大廈的領導者是中右翼人民運動聯盟(Union for a Popular Movement)的娜塔莉·科希丘什科-莫里澤(Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet)。她今年競選市長一職敗北。

Ms. Kosciusko-Morizet said the city’s experience with solitary towers had proved them disastrous. “They overwhelm the neighborhood,” she said.

科希丘什科-莫里澤說，這座城市的歷史證明，孤零零的高樓是災難性的，“它們壓制了周圍地區”。

Moreover, she said, the tower would only help signal the edge of the city at a time when Paris is trying to reach across the highway that encircles it to better integrate the neighborhoods beyond.

她說，況且，這座大樓只會幫助標記這座城市的邊界，而此時巴黎正在努力突破環繞它的高速路，想與周圍地區更好地融合。

“We are not against modernity,” Ms. Kosciusko-Morizet said, “but this is not about modernity. What we are hearing is the same arguments that got us the Montparnasse Tower. There is nothing unique here. All the cities in the world have glass towers. There is nothing inventive here.”

“我們不是反對現代化，”科希丘什科-莫里澤說，“但這不是現代化。他們給出的理由跟當初主張修建蒙帕納斯大廈的理由是一樣的。它沒有獨特性。世界上所有的城市都有玻璃大樓。這毫無新意。”

Ms. Kosciusko-Morizet said she found the use of a secret vote to be particularly dishonest since such votes were never used except over issues of personnel nominations. She said her party members had objected to the secret ballot all along and said before the vote that they would not keep their votes private.

科希丘什科-莫里澤說，採用祕密投票的方式太不誠實了，因爲這種投票方式僅用於人事提名。她說自己的黨派成員一直反對祕密投票，投票之前就表示不會對投票保密。

A poll conducted last year by the B.V.A. polling agency found that most Parisians — 62 percent — were against any new skyscrapers, even if for much-needed new housing. Often it seems it is the younger Parisians who are more inclined to see the new Triangle Tower in a positive light.

去年，民調機構B.V.A.進行的一項調查發現，大多數巴黎人——多達62%——反對新建任何摩天大樓，甚至包括有迫切需求的新住宅大樓。巴黎的年輕人似乎更傾向於從正面角度看待新的三角大樓。

“For me it makes economic sense,” said Ralph Hippocrate, 28, a publicist for a French television channel. “For jobs it might create, but also for the good it might do for the businesses in the neighborhood.”

“在我看來，它具有經濟意義，”28歲的拉爾夫·希波克拉底(Ralph Hippocrate)說。他是法國一個電視頻道的宣傳人員。“因爲它可能創造就業機會，也可能有利於周圍的商業。”

But many older Parisians fear that city officials did not learn the lesson of Montparnasse, a building that regularly makes lists of the 10 ugliest buildings in the world. They believe that skyscrapers are simply out of place in the heart of Paris.

但是很多年長的巴黎人擔心，市政府官員沒有接受蒙帕納斯大廈的教訓——該建築經常被列入世界上最醜陋的十大建築榜單。他們認爲，在巴黎市中心建摩天大樓就是不合適。

“We are not in Dubai,” said Danielle Outreman, 60, who is retired. “I like it that in Paris I am not surrounded by enormous buildings. I think that putting them all in La Défense is just fine.”

“我們不是在迪拜，”60歲的丹妮爾·奧特里曼(Danielle Outreman)說。她已經退休了。“在巴黎，我不喜歡被巨大的建築包圍。我覺得把大樓都蓋到拉德芳斯區就挺好的。”