美國人爲什麼用土撥鼠來預測天氣？

It's only been in the past 60 or so years that humans have been able to rely on television meteorologists for weather predictions. Before Al Roker, the Babylonians looked at cloud formations; in 300 BC, the Chinese had a calendar broken into 24 festivals, each with its own unique weather patterns.
直到大約60年前，人類才得以通過看電視上的天氣預報來預知天氣。在有美國氣象播報員阿爾·洛克之前，巴比倫人是通過觀看雲體形成來預知天氣的；在公元前300年，中國人將一年分成24個節氣，每個節氣都有各自獨特的氣候模式。

Today we use satellites and other costly equipment to gauge our environment, examining changes in the atmosphere and running sophisticated computer models. And sometimes, we just stare at a groundhog.
今天我們用人造衛星和其他昂貴的設備來監測我們的環境、氣候的改變並運行精密的計算機模型。不過有時候，我們只看土撥鼠來預知天氣。

Every February 2, a doughy rodent named Punxsutawney Phil briefly emerges from his winter hibernation to have a look around. If he sees his shadow, that means there will be six more weeks of winter. If he doesn't, we can assume that warm weather is looming.
每年2月2日，一隻名叫龐克瑟託尼·菲爾的軟乎乎的土撥鼠會從冬眠的洞裏露出頭來四下看一看。如果它看到了自己的影子，那就意味着冬天還要持續6周。如果它沒看到自己的影子，我們就可以假定溫暖的天氣即將來臨。

The ritual has been carried out in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania every year since 1887. Relying on Phil is actually not much better than flipping a coin—he's right an estimated 64.4 percent of the time—but clearly someone at one time believed a groundhog had predictive abilities. Who? And why?
自1887年以來，這一儀式每年都要在美國賓夕法尼亞州的龐克瑟託尼舉行。事實上，靠菲爾來預測天氣的成功率不比拋硬幣高多少——這隻土撥鼠預測天氣的準確率約爲64.4%——但顯然有人曾一度認爲土撥鼠有預測天氣的能力。是誰呢？爲什麼會這麼認爲？

To understand Phil's current status, it helps to know that superstition and weather have had a long association. Observers of the Christian holiday Candlemas, for example, received candles blessed by clergymen. If the skies were cloudy that day, warm weather was imminent; if the sun was out, winter would persist.
要明白菲爾目前的身份，最好能瞭解迷信和天氣之間長久以來的關聯。舉例來說，基督教信徒在聖燭節會收到牧師祝福過的蠟燭。如果聖燭節那天是多雲，說明溫暖的天氣很快就要來到；如果太陽出來了，冬天將會持續下去。

In Europe, the idea that winter's duration could be foretold was carried over to animal behavior. Hibernating animals like bears, marmots, and hedgehogs were observed to see when they'd emerge from their dens.
在歐洲，預測冬天持續時間和動物行爲扯到了一起。人們會觀察熊、旱獺、刺蝟等冬眠動物，看它們會不會從洞裏出來。

In Germany, the weather was anticipated by badgers. When Germans began settling in Pennsylvania, however, badgers weren't so readily available: The easiest hibernating animal to locate was the groundhog. In 1887, a newspaper editor began circulating the idea that one groundhog in particular, Punxsutawney Phil, was a meteorological wonder. Before long, the entire country became preoccupied with Phil’s prognosticating, and an annual tradition was born.
在德國，天氣是由獾來預測的。但是，當德國人在美國賓夕法尼亞州定居的時候，獾並沒有那麼好找：最容易找到的冬眠動物是土撥鼠。1887年，一位報社編輯開始傳播一個信息：有一隻名叫龐克瑟託尼·菲爾的土撥鼠是預測天氣的奇才。沒過多久，整個國家都被菲爾的預測迷住了，一項年度傳統就此誕生。

Phil isn't the only one in the business of long-range forecasting. The Old Farmer's Almanac, a yearly digest of upcoming weather patterns for large geographical areas, is prepared up to 18 months in advance: Its editors claim an 80 percent accuracy rate, though some meteorologists dispute the viability of assessing weather more than two weeks out.
從事長期天氣預報的不只有菲爾。《老農民年曆》是一本預測大範圍地區天氣的年度出版物，每年都是提前18個月準備。這本年曆的編輯聲稱準確率有80%，儘管一些氣象學家質疑提前兩週以上預測天氣是否可行。

Last year, Phil "predicted" six more weeks of winter. It turned out to be the second-warmest February on record.
去年，菲爾“預測”冬天還將持續6周。結果，去年二月份的天氣是有史以來最暖和的。