飛機出事怎麼辦？11個不可不知的自救求生方法

當地時間7月6日，一架韓國韓亞航空公司的波音777客機在美國舊金山機場降落時墜毀，據最新報道，目前該客機墜毀已導致2人死亡多人受傷。如今航空旅行越來越普遍頻繁，那麼如何才能保證安全乘機呢？明確以下幾點或許可以在事故發生時派上大用場。

Wear long pants, a long-sleeve t-shirt, and sturdy, comfortable, lace-up shoes.
選擇長褲、長袖襯衫和堅固舒適的繫帶鞋。

Although you may want to be comfortable or professional-looking on a flight, sandals or high heels make it hard to move quickly within the wreckage. High heels are not allowed on the evacuation slides and you can cut your feet and toes on glass or get flammable liquids on or in your sandals if you wear them.
儘管你想在飛機上穿得舒適或職業，但穿着涼鞋、高跟鞋不利於在飛機失事後快速逃生。使用逃生滑梯時不能穿高跟鞋，而光腳或只穿涼鞋有可能會被玻璃劃傷，或沾上易燃液體。

Book the right seats.
預定安全位置的座位。

The key to survive a crash is frequently how quickly you can get out. To this end, it’s best to get seats as close as possible to an exit, and aisle seats are generally preferable. In addition, try to sit in the back of the plane. Passengers in the tail of the aircraft have 40% higher survival rates than those in the first few rows.
通常情況下，逃生速度越快就越容易脫險。爲此，所選座位離出口越近越好，最好能選上靠近過道的位置。另外，應選擇靠後的座位。坐在飛機尾部的乘客在事故發生時，比坐在飛機前排的能多出40%的逃生機率。

Read the safety information card and pay attention to the pre-flight safety speech.
仔細閱讀安全卡片，注意起飛前的安全通告。

Don’t assume you know it all already. Every type of airplane has different safety instructions. If you're sitting in an exit row, study the door and make sure you know how to open it if you need to. In normal circumstances the flight attendant will open the door, but if they are dead or injured, you'll need to do it.
別以爲你已經知道所有的安全事項。不同類型的飛機都有不同的安全指導。如果你坐在出口一排，要仔細研究艙門，知道如何開門，以備不時之需。正常情況下乘務員會開門，但如果他們受傷死亡，就要你自己來做了。

Make a plan.
制定逃生計劃。

If the plane is going to crash, you almost always have several minutes to prepare before impact. Use this time to once again review where the exits are, and try to count the number of seats between your row and the exit row—that way you’ll know when you’ve reached the exit even if you can’t see it.
如果飛機發生事故，你大概在墜機前有幾分鐘準備時間。利用這段時間再次觀察出口位置，數清你的位置離出口有幾排座位，這樣即使在你看不見時也能明確出口方位。

Assess the situation as well as possible. Try to determine what surface the plane will land on so you can customize your preparations. If you’re going to be landing in water, for example, you’ll want to put your life vest on—don’t inflate it until you’re out of the plane—and if you’re going to be landing in cold weather, you should try to get a blanket or jacket to keep you warm once outside.
儘可能準確地估計狀況。儘量明確飛機迫降表面，並作出相應準備。例如，如果飛機要降落在水面上，你則需穿上救生衣（但注意應在出飛機後再充氣），如果外面很冷，你還應該帶上毯子或夾克衫禦寒。

Keep your seat belt securely fastened at all times.
任何時候都要繫緊安全帶。

In any case, make sure it is placed around you snugly before impact. Also, push that snug seat belt down as low over your pelvis as possible. The pelvis is a very strong structure that handles force well. If your belt slides up into your stomach, you have a greater chance of sustaining dangerous internal injuries.
在任何情況下，都要確保飛機衝擊地面時把安全帶繫牢。另外，還要將安全帶系在盆骨以下，因爲盆骨結構更易受力。如果安全帶滑到肚子上，內臟受傷的機率會大大增加。

Brace yourself for impact.
墜機時抱緊自己。

If you know you’re going to crash, brace yourself. Return your seat back to its full upright position, bend forward and put your chest on your thighs and your head between your knees. Cross your wrists in front of your lower calves, and grab your ankles. Place your legs as far under the seat as possible to avoid breaking your shin bones.
如果你知道馬上就要墜機，抱緊自己。把座位調到完全豎直的位置，彎腰將胸部貼緊大腿，將頭放置於兩膝之間，雙手在小腿前交叉後抓住腳踝。不要將腿放在座位下方，以防脛骨受傷。Remain calm.
保持冷靜。

It can be easy to get swept up in the pandemonium immediately preceding and following a crash. Keep a cool head, though, and you’re more likely to get out alive. Remember that even in the worst wrecks, you do have a chance of survival. You’ll need to be able to think methodically and rationally to maximize that chance.
在墜機前後很容易被混亂場面衝昏頭腦。這時一定要保持冷靜纔能有更大的逃生機率。請記住，即使在最糟糕的的事故中，也會有一線生機，你要做的就是冷靜、有步驟地思考如何做才能擴大自己的生存機率。

Put your oxygen mask on before assisting others.
戴好自己的氧氣罩之後再去幫別人。

You’ve probably heard this on every commercial flight you’ve been on, but it’s worth repeating. If the integrity of the cabin is compromised, you have only about 15 seconds to start breathing through your oxygen mask before you are rendered unconscious.
可能你在所有民航飛機上都聽到過這句話，但重複這點相當重要。如果機艙整體性被破壞，在你昏迷前只有15秒的時間戴氧氣面罩。

Protect yourself from smoke.
防止吸入煙塵。

Fire and, more commonly, smoke is responsible for a large percentage of crash fatalities. The smoke in an airplane fire can be very thick and highly toxic, so cover your nose and mouth with a cloth to avoid breathing it in.
大規模失事飛機人員死亡的主要因素是火災，尤其是煙塵。機艙起火會產生具有高濃度和高毒性的煙霧，因此要捂住口鼻防止吸入過量煙霧。

Get out of the airplane as quickly as possible.
迅速離開機艙。

It’s critical to get out of the aircraft without delay—if fire or smoke is present, you will generally have less than two minutes to safely exit the plane.
飛機墜毀後迅速離開機艙至關重要。若有火災、煙霧，你安全逃出飛機的時間一般不會多於2分鐘。

Get at least 500 feet upwind from the wreckage.
逃離至距離飛機殘骸逆風方向至少500英尺（約爲152米）的方位。

If you’re stranded in a remote area, the best thing to do usually is to stay close to the aircraft to await rescuers. You don’t want to be too close, though. Fire or explosion can happen at any time after a crash, so put some distance between you and the plane.
如果你降落在荒僻地區，最好是在飛機附近等待救援人員。但也不能靠得太近。飛機墜機後，隨時會發生火災或爆炸，因此還要保持一段距離。