中英雙語話史記 第62期:西晉

Western Jin

西晉

Cao Pi established the Wei Kingdom with the support from General Sima Yi.

曹丕在丞相司馬懿的支持下建立了魏朝。

Throughout the Wei period the Sima family assisted three out of five kings of the Wei Kingdom.

從魏朝誕生至其滅亡，司馬家族共輔佐了魏國五位皇帝中的三位。

Gradually, they gained the control of the executive and military powers of the kingdom.

漸漸地，他們掌控了國家的執政和軍事大權。

After the death of Sima Yi, both of his two sons consequently became the dominant men of the kingdom.

司馬懿去世後，他的兩個兒子最終成爲了王朝最重要的人物。

In 265 AD, Sima Yan, the grandson of Sima Yi, deposed the emperor of Wei and established his own regime Jin, making Luoyang his capital city.

公元265年，司馬懿的孫子司馬炎罷黜了魏朝的皇帝並建立了他自己的政權——晉，定都洛陽。

Historically the dynasty is known as the “Western Jin Dynasty” and Sima Yan was known as Emperor Wu.

這個朝代就是歷史上的西晉，司馬炎即晉武帝。

In 280 AD, the Western Jin wiped out the Wu, the last surviving regime of the Three Kingdoms Period (220—265) and reunified the south and north.

公元280年，西晉滅掉了三國時期（220——265）的最後一個國家吳國，統一了南北方。

Emperor Wu conferred dukedoms to many of his kinsmen due to their contributions in the founding and consolidation of the empire.

晉武帝因自己的族人爲國家的建立於穩定做出了卓越的貢獻而把土地分封給他們。

Since the Jin was based on the power of hereditary aristocrats, measures were taken to protect the interests of the privileged, which often upset the big family.

由於晉朝建立在世襲制之上，政策都傾向於保護貴族的利益，這引得了一些大家族的不滿。

And consequently, conflicts between the aristocratic families increased.

最終，貴族間的矛盾不斷增加。

They contested with each in the accumulation of wealth and the enjoyment of the luxurious life.

他們互相比較財富的多少與生活的奢侈程度。

Thus the power of the Jin imperial government was seriously impaired.

因此，晉朝皇室的能力被削弱了。

Meanwhile, the struggle for power intensified in the imperial court.

同時，朝廷之上對於權力的鬥爭也在加劇。

From 291 onwards, eight dukes of the royal family stirred up a series of wars against each other.

自291年起，八位諸侯國的首領不斷挑起彼此之間的戰爭。

These wars lasted 16 years, greatly dislocating the social economy and weakening the empire’s power.

這些鬥爭持續了16年，極大地損害了社會經濟與帝王的統治。

After these disturbances, the country was deep in chaos.

在這些動亂過後，整個國家處於極度混亂之中。

In 308, Liu Yuan, the chief of the Huns tribe, crowned himself the king of Han.

308年，匈奴首領劉源自立爲大漢的國君。

His army captured Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty and captured the emperor.

他的軍隊攻佔了西晉的都城洛陽並抓獲了皇帝。

The survivors of the Jin named another emperor in Chang’an (present Xi’an),the Huns army broke into Chang’an in 316 and put an end to the Western Jin Dynasty.

晉朝的倖存者在長安（今天的西安）擁立了另一位皇帝，匈奴部隊與316年攻入長安，滅掉了西晉。

The Western Jin Dynasty ruled fifty-one years with four emperors on the throne.

西晉存在了51年，一共有四位帝王。

After it, China went into another troubled period of disunity for 272 years.

在這之後，中國再次進入到了長達272年的割據分裂時期。