中英雙語話史記 第73期:南北朝道教與佛教的盛行

Prevail of Taoism and Buddhism

道教與佛教的盛行

During the Northern and Southern dynasties, since Most emperors believed in it, Buddhism grew rapidly despite the demolition incidents.

南北朝期間，儘管存在拆除毀壞，佛教仍然發展迅速。

Buddhism found a receptive audience in China, while the influence of Confucianism waned.

當儒家思想的影響逐漸減弱時，佛教在中國被羣衆廣爲接受。

During Northern Wei period, the rulers were the most generous patrons in both the north and south.

北魏期間，帝王們是南北朝時期最慷慨的資助者。

They took Buddhism as a nationwide religion in order to enforce his dominion.

他們將佛教看作國教以加強自己的統治。

In the north, large amounts of Buddhist caves and temples were built.

在北方，佛教石窟與僧人寺廟被大量建立。

Mogao Grottoes in today’s Dunhuang, Yungang Grottoes in Datong and Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang were three flourishing centers of Buddhist culture in its glory.

今天敦煌的莫高窟，大同的雲岡石窟和洛陽的龍門石窟是佛教燦爛的歷史中三大繁盛的中心地區。

Buddhist monastic establishment grew rapidly at that time.

佛教修道院在那個時候也被迅速建立。

By 477 there were reportedly 6478 Buddhist temples and 77258 monks and nuns in the north.

據傳，到477年，北方出現了6478座寺廟和77528爲僧人尼姑。

The south was said to have 2846 temples and 82700 clerics some decades later.

據稱南方在幾十年後有2846座寺廟和82700位傳教士。

Emperor Wu of Liang had even contributed himself to experience as a Buddhist disciple in a temple for three times.

涼武王甚至曾三次親自到寺廟中體驗佛教學徒的生活。

In Jiankang (present Nanjing city in Jiangsu Province)， Buddhist temples added up to 500 with 10000 monks.

在建康（今江蘇南京），寺廟數量增至500座，其中共有10000名僧人。

Women turned to Buddhism as readily as men.

女人和男人一樣樂意投身於佛教。

Originally one philosophy school of dozens schools in the Spring and Autumn Period, Taoism grew up into a religion in the late Eastern Han Dynasty (25—220 AD).

道教起初是春秋時期擁有一些學院的哲學學派，東漢（公元25——220年）末年它成爲了一種宗教。

At first, it only gain the popularity among civilians and during the Jin Dynasty (265—420) it became a prevalence in the upper society

一開始，它只在平民中受到歡迎，晉朝（265——420）時它在上層社會得到廣泛流行，

and in the succession of Northern Qi and Northern Liang, Taoism gained good graces of the ruler and once play a critical role in court.

在之後的北齊和北涼道教得到了當權者的恩惠並一度在朝堂之上扮演重要角色。

Taoist activities and ceremonies were held for worship purpose.

道教活動和儀式被用來祭拜天神。