中英雙語話歷史 第77期:元朝(社會經濟)
The Mongols were aware that exploitation by taxes and trade would be much more profitable for them than simple raids.
They began to pay attention to the agricultural production and carried out a policy to utake the agricultures as the urgent affairs^, restored and developed agriculture at different levels.
於是，他們開始重視農業生產，實行了“以農桑爲急務”的政策，使各地的農業生產都得到不同程度的恢復和發展。They adopted the two-tax system which was in use since the Tang Dynasty： in the north, a poll-tax combined with the biennial taxation in grain, or material and corvee labour were in use； in the south, the Mongols used the double tax system (li-angshuifa), the peasants being taxed twice a year with a real-estate tax and a profit tax.
他們採納了自唐朝以來一直沿用的兩稅制:在北方，實行人頭稅和兩年一徵的田稅，或實物稅和徭役制;在南方，蒙古統治者實行了兩稅制，即農民一年交納兩次稅。
To ensure the nourishment of the north, the Mongols began with the reconstruction of the Great Canal.
爲了確保北方的繁榮,他們重開大運河。An artisan household system was adopted in the handicraft but it made the craftsmen have no production enthusiam, which led to a low. Therefore the proficiency was low and restrained the development of the handicraft.
在手工業方面實行匠戶制度，但是它使工匠們無生產積極性，因而生產效率不高,限制了手工業的發展。However commerce was prosperous in the Yuan Dynasty.
但元朝時期商業貿易發達。Dadu was the center of the politics and economy of the country and also the famous city in the world.
大都是全國政治經濟中心，也是當時世界聞名的城市，經常有歐、亞、非各國的使節、友人、傳教士等集聚。Merchants, missionaries and diplomats from Europe, Asia and Africa often gathered there. The foreign trade of the Yuan Dynasty covered the areas of Korea, Japan, and the seacoast of Africa, which was very active. And it was monopolized by the government.
元朝的對外貿易，東起朝鮮、日本,西達非洲海岸，十分活躍。並且，當時的對外貿易由政府壟斷。
