中國譴責美國對華徵收光伏產品懲罰性關稅

HONG KONG — China’s commerce ministry strongly criticized Wednesday afternoon the United States’s decision to impose broader anti-dumping and anti-subsidy tariffs on solar panels from China, but stopped short of threatening specific retaliation.

香港——中國商務部週三下午強烈譴責了美國對中國太陽能組件徵收反傾銷、反補貼關稅的決定，但沒有明確透露反擊措施。

Solar panel manufacturing “is a strategic emerging industry related to global sustainable development,” the ministry said in a news release, adding that, “China urges the U.S. to solemnly consider the serious consequences caused by the U.S. ruling, to strictly comply with international rules and regulations, to adopt a responsible attitude and behavior to appropriately manage trade frictions.”

商務部在一則聲明中說：“光伏產業是關係全球可持續發展的戰略新興產業，妥善處理光伏產品貿易摩擦，推動各國產業加強對話與合作，有助於全球新能源領域的健康發展。中方敦促美方慎重考慮美方裁決造成的嚴重後果，嚴格遵守國際規則，採取負責任的態度與行動妥善處理貿易摩擦。”

The new American tariffs, announced Tuesday, include anti-dumping duties of 26.71 percent to 78.42 percent on imports of most solar panels made in China, and rates of 11.45 percent to 27.55 percent on imports of solar cells, a key component, that are made in Taiwan. In addition, the department announced anti-subsidy duties of 27.64 percent to 49.79 percent for Chinese modules.

週二宣佈的雙反關稅包括對從中國進口的大部分太陽能板徵收26.71%到78.42%的反傾銷關稅，對臺灣生產的太陽能電池徵收11.45%到27.55%的反傾銷關稅。此外，美國商務部還將對中國太陽能組件徵收27.64%到49.79%的反補貼關稅。

The penalties, which are still subject to final confirmation by the International Trade Commission in Washington next month, are the latest round in a series of trade battles between Beijing and Washington over the past four years involving China’s rapid rise to dominance in solar panel manufacturing.

該決定還需由華盛頓的國際貿易委員會下月做出終裁，是過去四年來北京和華盛頓之間一系列貿易戰的有一個回合。在光伏產業領域，中國已經迅速成爲一股主導力量。

The call for the United States to “appropriately manage trade frictions” appeared to be the latest hint of a broad desire in Beijing to pursue a negotiated settlement, along the lines of last year's agreement between Beijing and the European Union. Officials in Brussels effectively set an annual quota for solar panel imports from China, provided that Chinese companies charged a fairly high price for those shipments, which would help European companies compete.

中國要求美國“妥善處理貿易摩擦”的呼籲似乎又是一個暗示，意味着北京希望尋求通過談判解決問題，遵循去年北京與歐盟達成的協議的相同路線。布魯塞爾的官員當時爲來自中國的太陽能板制定了一個年度配額，前提是中國公司必須保持較高定價，讓歐洲公司有能力競爭。

That arrangement helped the Chinese industry stanch the heavy losses it had been incurring for exporting large quantities of solar panels for less than it cost to manufacture them, which had led to bankruptcies of some of the country’s largest solar manufacturers.

這樣的安排也讓中國太陽能產業避免了鉅額損失。以前中國以低於成本的價格出口，損失巨大，一些最大型的光伏企業倒閉。

He Weiwen, an executive council member of the Beijing-based China Society for World Trade Organization Studies, a research group loosely affiliated with the commerce ministry, said in an email on Wednesday that he thought the latest round of tariffs by the United States Commerce Department were not reasonable, and he added that the department “should consider possible solutions through consultation and negotiations.”

中國WTO研究會常務理事何偉文週三在郵件中說，他認爲美國商務部這次徵收雙反關稅是不合理的，並說美國“應該考慮通過協商和談判解決問題”。

But the Obama administration has been hesitant to pursue a similar deal. Environmentalists have been leery of any deal that keeps prices fairly high for renewable Energy, while free-trade advocates contend that quotas are worse trade restrictions than tariffs, because they encourage companies to collude in dividing up markets and, unlike tariffs, do not produce any tax revenues to help lighten the burden on other taxpayers.

但是奧巴馬政府一直對是否簽訂類似的協議猶豫不決。環保主義者對任何旨在保持可再生能源高定價的協定持懷疑態度，自由貿易的倡導者則堅稱配額是比關稅更糟的貿易限制，因爲它容易導致公司串通共謀分割市場，而且和關稅不同的是，配額不能帶來任何稅收以幫助減輕其他納稅人的負擔。

The commerce ministry statement also said that China would consider “exercising its rights” under the World Trade Organization.

商務部的聲明還表示，中國應考慮在世貿組織的框架下“行使權利”。

The W.T.O.’s rules prohibit subsidized exports and dumping — exporting goods for less than they cost to make and ship. The rules allow countries to retaliate by restricting imports of subsidized or dumped goods, as the United States says it has done with Chinese solar panels.

世貿組織的規則禁止出口補貼和傾銷——以比商品的製造及運輸成本更低的價格出口。規則允許各國採取反擊，限制進口補貼或傾銷的商品；美國表示已對中國太陽能板採取了該反擊措施。

China denies that it has subsidized solar panel exports, even though Chinese companies have indicated they exist in various public filings and in interviews granted by executives. China also denies that its companies have dumped solar panels, although the Chinese industry was wracked by a series of bankruptcies last year of some of the country’s biggest solar manufacturers, which were exporting most of their production and had sales revenues far below their costs.

中國否認補貼太陽能板出口，儘管中國公司已在各種公開文件和高管訪談中承認補貼的存在。中國還否認傾銷太陽能板，即使中國業界被去年一系列大型太陽能企業的倒閉重創。這些倒閉的公司把絕大部分產品用於出口，而銷售額遠低於成本。

Frank Haugwitz, a longtime solar industry consultant in Beijing who is the director of the Asia Europe Clean Energy (Solar) Advisory Company, said on Wednesday that some Chinese solar panel manufacturers were considering whether to move part of their production to Malaysia, following the example of Western, Japanese and Korean companies that have moved there.

北京一位資深太陽能產業顧問、亞洲清潔能源（太陽能）諮詢顧問有限公司(Asia Europe Clean Energy (Solar) Advisory Company)主管弗蘭克·霍格維茨(Frank Haugwitz)週三說，一些中國太陽能板製造商在考慮是否跟隨西方國家、日本和韓國公司的腳步，將部分生產環節移去馬來西亞。