歐元區與希臘達成新救助協議

BRUSSELS — Greece and its European creditors announced an agreement here Monday that aims to resolve the country's debt crisis and keep it in the eurozone, but that will require further budgetary belt-tightening that Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras could have trouble selling back in Athens.

布魯塞爾——希臘及其歐洲債權人週一在此地宣佈達成一項協議，協議達到了解決希臘債務危機、將該國留在歐元區的目的，但需要進一步的財政緊縮，這讓亞歷克西斯·齊普拉斯(Alexis Tsipras)總理在說服雅典接受協議上可能會有麻煩。

The agreement does not guarantee that Greece will receive its third bailout in five years. But it does allow the start of detailed negotiations on a new assistance package for Greece. One open question is whether the deal gives enough confidence to the European Central Bank to let it continue channeling sorely needed emergency funding to Greek banks, which have been hollowed out by a long economic slump and the withdrawal of billions of euros in recent months by account holders.

協議並不保證希臘將得到五年中的第三次救助，但將允許就向希臘提供新的一攬子援助計劃的具體問題展開談判。一個有待確定的問題是，協議是否給予歐洲央行足夠的信心，使其繼續讓急需的應急資金流入希臘銀行。長期的經濟低迷，加上儲戶在近幾個月中提取了上百億歐元的存款，造成了希臘銀行的資金短缺。

The tough terms, demanded by Germany and others, are meant to balance Greece's demands for a loan repayment system that will not keep it mired in recession and austerity budgets, against creditors' insistence that loans worth tens of billions of euros not be money wasted. Testy negotiations and Greece's inability to live up to the promises made in its previous bailouts had cast a shadow of distrust over the weekend's discussions.

德國和其他國家要求的強硬條款是爲了在雙方的條件中找到平衡，一方面是希臘對償還借貸體制不應讓其陷入長期衰退和財政緊縮的要求，另一方面是債權人對價值數百億歐元的貸款不能被浪費的堅持。艱難的談判、加上希臘未能履行其對先前救助做出的承諾，爲週末的協商投下了不信任的陰影。

An accord would end five months of bitter negotiations that raised concerns that Greece would be the first country to be forced out of the euro currency union — a development that proponents of European unity had sought desperately to avoid.

達成協議可能會讓五個月的不愉快談判告一段落，談判曾讓人們擔心希臘會成爲第一個被迫退出歐元貨幣聯盟的國家，這是支持歐洲團結的人不惜一切要避免的情況。

“The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages,” Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany told a news conference, explaining her decision to accept the deal and recommend that the German Parliament also grant its approval.

“利遠大於弊，”德國總理安格拉·默克爾(Angela Merkel)在新聞發佈會上解釋自己決定接受協議時說，她也建議德國議會批准協議。

“The country which we help has shown a willingness and readiness to carry out reforms,” said Merkel, referring to Greece.

“我們幫助的國家已表示願意和準備進行改革，”默克爾說，她指的是希臘。

The total commitment of money has not been disclosed. But a document by the eurozone leaders noted that experts had estimated that Greece might need from 82 billion to 86 billion euros more — $91 billion to $96 billion — to shore up its economy, rebuild its banks and meet its debt obligations over the next three years. The document said Greece and its creditors should seek to “reduce that financing envelope,” if possible.

協議所承諾的貸款總額尚未披露。但是，歐元區領導人的一份文件指出，據專家估計，希臘可能需要820億至860億歐元（約合5600億至5870億元人民幣）的追加貸款，以支撐其經濟、重建其銀行，及在未來三年內履行其償貸責任。該文件表示，希臘及其債權人應該尋求“降低籌措資金的規模”，如果可能的話。

As part of Greece's commitments, Merkel said, a fund will be created to use the proceeds from selling off assets owned by the Greek government to help pay down the country's debt. That fund would be “to the tune of” 50 billion euros, she said.

默克爾表示，作爲希臘承諾的一部分，希臘政府將用出售國有資產所得成立一個基金，用來幫助償還該國的債務。她說，這筆基金“總額達”500億歐元。

Greece will also be required to seek assistance from the International Monetary Fund and to agree to let the organization continue to monitor the country's adherence to its bailout commitments. The Greek government had resisted a continued role for the IMF, seeing the fund's involvement as unwanted meddling.

希臘還將需向國際貨幣基金組織（International Monetary Fund，簡稱IMF）尋求援助，並同意讓該組織繼續監督希臘遵守其救助承諾的情況。希臘政府曾拒絕讓IMF在這方面繼續起作用，把該組織的參與看作是不必要的干預。

The Greek Parliament will also be required to approve the terms of the agreement “without delay,” according to the document released Monday. One of the sticking points in the negotiations over the weekend had been a demand that the Parliament sign off on any deal by Wednesday, but that requirement appears to have been relaxed.

根據週一公佈的文件，還將要求希臘議會“毫不遲延地”批准協議條款。週末談判中的一個癥結一直是要求希臘議會在週三之前批准任何可能的協議，但這一要求似乎有所放鬆。

During the marathon negotiation session, Tsipras, the Greek prime minister, struggled to reach compromises on economic overhauls that the creditors demanded but that his left-wing government may find difficult to sell at home after Greek voters overwhelmingly rejected softer terms in a referendum just a week ago.

在這個馬拉松式談判期間，希臘總理齊普拉斯力圖在債權人要求的經濟改革問題上達成妥協，希臘選民在一週前的全民公決中以壓倒多數否決了更爲柔和的條件之後，齊普拉斯的左翼政府可能會在說服國內接受新條件上遇到困難。

The agreement will call for Greece to raise taxes in some cases, pare pension benefits and take various other measures meant to reduce what critics see as too much bureaucracy and too many market protections that keep the Greek economy from operating efficiently.

協議將要求希臘提高某些稅收、削減養老金，並採取各種其他措施，以減少在批評者看來是太多的官僚機構和過多的市場保護，這些都讓希臘經濟不能高效運行。

A bleary-eyed Tsipras, speaking to reporters here Monday, tried to put a positive spin on what might be seen as an almost total capitulation by Athens to creditors' demands for tough austerity. He said that the threat of Greece being forced out of the eurozone had been avoided and a promise of debt relief and growth funds had been secured.

面帶倦容的齊普拉斯週一在這裏對記者講話時，試圖掩飾可能被看作是雅典對債權人的嚴格緊縮要求幾乎徹底投降的做法。他說，希臘被迫離開歐元區的威脅已被避免，債務減免的承諾以及促進經濟增長的基金已得到確保。

“We gave a tough battle for six months and fought until the end in order to achieve the best we could, a deal that would allow Greece to stand on its feet,” Tsipras said. “We faced hard decisions, tough dilemmas,” he said, adding that the Greek authorities finally “assumed the responsibility of averting the extremist ambitions of the most conservative circles in Europe.”

“我們打了一場六個月的硬仗，堅持到了最後，盡了我們的所能得到了能讓希臘站穩腳跟的協議，”齊普拉斯說。“我們面臨了艱難的決策、艱難的困境，”他說，並補充表示，希臘當局最終“爲避免讓歐洲最保守圈子裏的極端主義野心成爲現實承擔了責任”。

But any easing of Greece's debt repayment obligations would not include something Greece had previously made a condition of any deal: a so-called haircut, or reduction of the overall debt, which is more than 300 billion euros. The document issued on Monday made its resistance to that demand clear in one sentence: “The Euro Summit stresses that nominal haircuts on the debt cannot be overtaken.”

但是，任何放寬希臘債務償還義務的內容將不包括希臘此前曾對達成任何協議所要求的條件：將高達逾3000億歐元的整體債務進行減免，或所謂的“理髮”。週一發佈的文件用一句話明確表到了對這個要求的抵制：“歐元區峯會強調，不能進行對債務的賬面理髮。”