歐盟成員對拯救歐元區新協議有分歧

Stock markets and the value the euro currency rose after Most members of the European Union agreed to a new deal Friday, increasing their economic ties to save the struggling eurozone. But reaction is mixed about the agreement, cobbled together after marathon talks among European leaders in Brussels.

在歐盟大多數成員國12月9日星期五達成一項新協議之後，股市和歐元的幣值都出現攀升。根據這項協議，歐盟成員國需要增加它們的經濟聯繫，以挽救正在竭力掙扎的歐元區。這項協議是歐盟領導人在布魯塞爾經過馬拉松式的談判才勉強達成的，可是對於這項協議的評價則是褒貶不一。

European Central bank chief Mario Draghi reacted positively to the agreement for stronger fiscal ties and better control over government budgets.

歐洲央行行長德拉基對這項要求加強財政聯繫、更好地控制政府預算的協議做出了積極的反應。

"It's a very good outcome for the euro area, very good. It's quite close to a good fiscal compact, and certainly it's going to be the basis for a much more disciplined economic policy for euro-area members, and certainly it's going to be helpful in the present situation," Draghi said.

德拉基說：“這對歐元區是一個很好的結果，非常好。它已經相當接近一項財政協議了。顯然，歐元區成員國將會以此爲基礎，制定紀律更加嚴明的經濟政策，顯然，它對當前的局勢是有幫助的。”

Twenty-three of the EU's 27 members have agreed to the pact, championed by economic heavyweights France and Germany to make sure Europe's sovereign debt and banking crisis doesn't happen again. That includes all 17 members of the embattled eurozone. But at a final press conference on Friday, European Union president Herman von Rumpoy said three more countries are considering joining - which would leave Britain as the single holdout.

歐盟27個成員國中的23個國家同意這項協議，歐盟經濟中最具影響力的法國和德國帶頭支持這項協議，以確保歐洲的主權債務和銀行業危機不會重演。支持這項協議的國家包括危機四伏的歐元區的所有17個成員國。可是，在星期五舉行的最後一次新聞發佈會上，歐盟輪值主席範宏畢說，還有3個國家也在考慮加入這項協議，從而使英國成爲唯一抵制這項協議的歐盟成員國。

"Our preference went to a full-fledged treaty change with the 27, changing the treaties of the Eurpean Union. We tried it, but because there was not a unanimous decision, we have to take another decision," he said.

範宏畢說：“我們希望簽署一項27個成員國都同意的全面的新條約，改變歐盟現有的條約。我們爭取做到這一點，可是由於沒有形成一致的決定，我們不得不做出另一項決定。”

German Chancellor Angela Merkel hailed the deal as a success. She said those who opted to create a new fiscal union chose a future of more solidarity and economic coherence which will make the euro currency more secure.

德國總理默克爾讚揚這項協議是一個成功。默克爾總理說，那些選擇創造一個新財政聯盟的國家，就是選擇一個更加團結和經濟聯繫更緊密的未來，這將使歐元更爲安全。

EU members adhering to the new treaty must commit to keeping their deficits below 0.5 percent of their economic output - or risk sanctions. The pact is expected to be signed by March. European leaders also agreed on other measures to stop the eurozone crisis from spreading - like giving the International Monetary Fund another $260 billion to bolster financial firewalls.

支持這項新協議的歐盟成員國必須承諾保持他們的赤字低於他們國家經濟產量的0.5%，否則就有受到制裁的風險。預計，這項協議將在明年3月之前簽署。歐盟領導人還同意採取其他措施，阻止這場歐元區危機擴散，例如給國際貨幣基金組織追加2600億美元，以加強金融防火牆。

But Simon Tilford, chief economist of the London-based Center for European Reform, says the new treaty does nothing to resolve to resolve Europe's debt crisis.

可是，設在倫敦的歐洲改革中心的首席經濟學家西蒙.蒂爾福德說，這項新協議在解決歐洲債務危機方面沒有起任何作用。

"The problem is that fiscal austerity will not solve this crisis - at least not alone," Tilford said. "Fiscal austerity has in many ways been part of the crisis. Enforcing unending austerity on the countries in the periphery has already made their predicaments much worse and threatens to make a bad situation in Spain and Italy already worse than it currently is."

蒂爾福德說：“問題是，財政緊縮不會解決這場危機，至少單靠財政緊縮不解決問題。在許多方面，財政緊縮本身就是這場危機的一部分。對歐元區那些外圍國家實施無止境的緊縮政策已經使他們的經濟困境雪上加霜，而且還可能使西班牙和意大利這些經濟狀況本來已經惡化的國家的局勢更糟。”Other analysts fear the deal weakens European unity - with one group of countries part of the new pact and another out of it. British Prime Minister David Cameron defended his decision to reject the treaty - and offered another vision of Europe.

其他分析人士擔心這項協議削弱歐盟國家的團結，因爲一批國家屬於這項新協議的一部分，而另一些國家則獨立於該協議之外。英國首相卡梅倫爲他拒絕接受這項協議的決定進行辯護，並且提出他對歐盟的願景的另一種看法。

"We're not in the euro, and I'm glad we're not in the euro," Cameron said. "So i think the idea of Europe being more of a network - you choose those organizations you join, you choose those organizations you don't join - is actually a way in which Britain can get what we want and what we need in Europe."

卡梅倫說：“我們英國不屬於歐元區，我很高興我們不在歐元區。因此，我認爲歐洲應該更像一個網絡，你可以選擇加入你喜歡的組織，你也可以選擇不加入那些你不喜歡的組織。實際上，通過這種方式，英國可以得到我們想要的東西，獲得我們在歐洲需要的東西。”

Analyst Tilford says whether Britain and others will be weaker for opting out of the fiscal pact depends on what happens to the eurozone.

分析人士蒂爾福德說，英國和其他國家是否參加這項財政協議，取決於歐元區今後的局勢。

"If the eurozone does master this crisis and holds together, we're likely to see increased integration within participating countries within the eurozone, and Britain will become progressively marginalized within the EU," Tilford said.

蒂爾福德說：“如果歐元區能夠控制這場危機，團結一致，我們就更可能看到加入這項協議的歐元區國家會有更大的融合，那樣的話，英國就會在歐盟內部逐漸被邊緣化。”

But if the eurozone crisis drags on and the euro area fractures, he says, that's another story. And Tilford sees nothing in the new pact EU leaders agreed on that makes him optimistic about the euro's future.

可是他說，如果歐元區危機拖下去的話，歐元區就會瓦解，這就是另一回事了。蒂爾福德說，歐盟領導人達成的新協議並沒有令他對歐元的未來感到樂觀。