世衛組織稱藥企貪婪導致埃博拉疫苗缺失

The leader of the World Health Organization criticized the drug industry on Monday, saying that the drive for profit was one reason no vaccine had yet been found for Ebola.

世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)負責人週一指責醫藥行業，稱追求利潤是至今尚未找到埃博拉疫苗的原因之一。

In a speech at a regional conference in Cotonou, Benin, Dr. Margaret Chan, the director general of the W.H.O., also denounced the glaring absence of effective public health systems in the worst-affected countries.

世衛組織總幹事陳馮富珍博士(Margaret Chan)在貝寧科托努的地區性會議上發言時，還對疫情最嚴重的國家明顯缺乏有效的公共衛生體系表示了譴責。

At least 13,567 people are known to have contracted the Ebola virus in the latest outbreak, and 4,951 have died, according to the latest data on the W.H.O. website, which was updated on Friday. All but a few of the cases have been in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

在世衛組織的網站上，週五更新的最新數據顯示，在最近這輪疫情中，至少已有13567人據知感染了埃博拉病毒，4951人死亡。除少數病例外，其他均出現在幾內亞、利比里亞和塞拉利昂。

Dr. Chan said her organization had long warned of the consequences of greed in drug development and of neglect in public health.

陳馮富珍稱，長期以來，世衛組織一直警告要注意藥物開發過程中的貪婪，以及對公共衛生隱患的忽視會造成怎樣的後果。

In the midst of the Ebola crisis, she said, these “two W.H.O. arguments that have fallen on deaf ears for decades are now out there with consequences that all the world can see, every day, on prime-time TV news.”

她說，在埃博拉危機期間，“世衛組織數十年來被當做耳邊風的兩個警告現在變成了現實，全世界每天都能在黃金時段的電視新聞上看到惡果。”

The Ebola virus was discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo, then known as Zaire, in 1976. But because it was confined to impoverished African countries, Dr. Chan said, there was no incentive to develop a vaccine until this year, when Ebola became a broader threat.

1976年，當時叫作扎伊爾的剛果民主共和國發現了埃博拉病毒。但陳馮富珍說，因爲該病毒當時僅出現在貧窮的非洲國家，疫苗研發缺乏動力，直到今年，埃博拉演變成了一個更廣泛的威脅。

“A profit-driven industry does not invest in products for markets that cannot pay,” she said. “W.H.O. has been trying to make this issue visible for ages. Now people can see for themselves.”

“一個追逐利潤的行業不會爲無力購買的市場投資產品，”她說。“長期以來，世衛組織一直努力讓這個問題顯現出來。現在，人們能夠親眼看了。”

Dr. Chan reiterated her contention that the Ebola crisis “is the most severe acute public health emergency seen in modern times.”

陳馮富珍博士重申了她的觀點，即埃博拉危機“是現代歷史上最嚴重的突發公共衛生事件”。

Efforts to find a vaccine have been stepped up in recent months as the disease has spread, with a small outbreak in Nigeria and isolated cases in Mali, Senegal, Spain and the United States. At an emergency meeting in September, the United Nations Security Council declared the Ebola crisis a threat to international security.

最近幾個月，隨着疾病的蔓延，尼日利亞出現了小規模的疫情，馬裏、塞內加爾、西班牙和美國也出現了個別病例，尋找疫苗的努力得到了加強。在9月召開的緊急會議上，聯合國安理會(United Nations Security Council)宣佈，埃博拉危機是構成了國際安全威脅。

Officials at the W.H.O. and at other public health authorities reported on Oct. 24 that they hoped to begin trials of vaccines as early as December, and that it should be known by April whether they are effective.

10月24日，世衛組織及其他公共衛生機構的官員報告稱，他們希望最早在12月開始疫苗試驗，明年4月就應該會知道疫苗是否有效。

Researchers have been testing two experimental vaccines in healthy volunteers in the United States and in other countries outside the main outbreak region in West Africa. One of them was developed by the National Institutes of Health and GlaxoSmithKline, and the other by the Canadian government and NewLink Genetics.

研究人員已經開始在美國及西非其他非主要疫區的國家的健康志願者身上就兩種試驗疫苗進行測試。其中一種疫苗是由美國國立衛生研究院(National Institutes of Health)和葛蘭素史克公司(GlaxoSmithKline)的研究人員研發的，另一種由加拿大政府和紐琳基因公司(NewLink Genetics)研發。

Testing on humans of at least five other vaccines could begin in early 2015, W.H.O. officials have said.

世界衛生組織的官員曾表示，可能從2015年初開始在人身上測試至少其他五種疫苗。

Doctors, nurses and other health workers have been especially susceptible to infection because of the way the disease spreads through contact with fluids. In Sierra Leone on Monday, the authorities reported that a fifth local physician had died of the disease, news agencies reported.

醫生、護士及其他醫務人員特別容易受到感染，因爲埃博拉通過與體液的接觸傳播。據新聞通訊社報道，塞拉利昂當局週一報告稱，當地第五名醫生因感染埃博拉而死亡。

The secretary general of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, speaking on Monday at a news conference in Vienna, warned against what he called overly strict international restraints on the movement of health workers who are fighting Ebola.

聯合國祕書長潘基文(Ban Ki-moon)週一在維也納的新聞發佈會上發表講話，警告稱國際社會不應該嚴格限制抗擊埃博拉的醫務人員的流動。

Some countries and some states in the United States have quarantined health professionals returning from Guinea, Liberia or Sierra Leone. Other countries, including Canada and Australia, have gone further, temporarily halting the issuance of visas to citizens of the worst-affected countries.

一些國家和美國的一些州對從幾內亞、利比里亞或塞拉利昂返回的醫務人員實行隔離。加拿大、澳大利亞等國家更進一步，暫時停止給受影響最爲嚴重的國家的公民發放簽證。

“The best way to stop this virus is to stop this virus at its source,” Mr. Ban said, “rather than limiting for work, or restricting the movement of people or trade.” He called Ebola health workers “extraordinary people who are giving of themselves — they are risking their own lives.”

“阻止病毒的最佳途徑是從源頭上阻止，”潘基文說，“而不是限制工作，限制人員流動或貿易。”他稱應對埃博拉的醫務人員“非常傑出，他們犧牲自我，冒着生命危險”。