美國不再企圖摻和世界秩序(上)
For those who hope that Donald Trump has no views on foreign policy, forget it.
那些希望唐納德.特朗普(Donald Trump)沒有外交政策立場的人，放棄吧。
Not only does he have a view about America’s role in the world, but it is one shared by many Americans.
他不僅對美國在世界上的角色有立場，而且這立場還與很多美國人一致。
He may or may not cosy up to Vladimir Putin, have a trade war with China or even build his wall.
他會不會向弗拉基米爾.普京(Vladimir Putin)示好、與中國展開貿易戰、甚至建起高牆，現在都不確定。
But on the biggest question of all, from which everything else flows, the question of US responsibility for global order, he clearly has little interest in continuing to shoulder that burden.
但是在美國對於全球秩序的責任問題上——這是最重大的問題、也是其他所有問題的源頭——他明顯對繼續承擔這個重擔沒什麼興趣。
He aims to put America First, which means we are closer to the end of the 70-year-old US world order
他的目標是以美國爲先，這意味着長達70年的美國世界秩序更加接近終結。
Mr Trump, in this respect, is no anomaly.
在這方面，特朗普並非例外。
Pat Buchanan rode America First a long way against George HW Bush of New World Order fame in 1992; and after the Iraq and Afghan wars and the financial crisis, it became a national phenomenon.
1992年美國大選初選階段，帕特.布坎南(Pat Buchanan)主張的美國爲先對老布什(George HW Bush)主張的世界新秩序(New World Order) 發起挑戰，堅持了很長一段時間才敗下陣來；在伊拉克和阿富汗戰爭、以及金融危機後，類似的狀況成了美國的全國性現象。
Internationalists such as Jeb Bush and Marco Rubio went nowhere this year; Bernie Sanders joined Mr Trump in attacking global involvement; and Hillary Clinton was hit from all sides for being too internationalist and too wedded to the idea of the US as the indispensable nation, the Bill Clinton phrase that encapsulated the thinking of every president from Harry Truman to George W Bush.
在今年的大選中，傑布.布什(Jeb Bush)和馬爾科.魯比奧(Marco Rubio)等國際主義者都很早就落敗了；伯尼.桑德斯(Bernie Sanders)加入了特朗普，攻擊美國對全球事務的干涉；希拉里.克林頓(Hillary Clinton)由於太過國際主義、以及太執着於美國是不可或缺的國家（比爾.克林頓(Bill Clinton)的話，這句話概括了從哈里.杜魯門(Harry Truman)到小布什(George W Bush)的每一位總統的思路），而受到四面八方的攻擊。
President Barack Obama was the transitional figure away from that tradition, and Mr Trump’s election is the decisive break.
總統巴拉克.奧巴馬(Barack Obama)是偏離這一傳統的過渡性人物，而特朗普當選則是與這一傳統的明確決裂。
The US is, for now, out of the world order business.
就目前而言，美國已不再管全球秩序這檔事。
This does not mean a return to a mythical American isolationism.
這並不意味着重返傳說的美國孤立主義——
This powerful, commercially minded nation has never cut itself off from the rest of the world, not even in the 1930s.
這個注重貿易的強大國家從未自我隔絕於世界之外，即使在上世紀30年代也未曾這樣做。
What it does mean is a return to national solipsism, with a much narrower definition of American interests and a reluctance to act in the world except to protect those narrow interests.
這真正意味的是，重返國家唯我主義——以狹隘得多的方式定義美國利益，不願參與世界事務，除非爲了保護狹隘意義上的美國利益。
To put it another way, America may once again start behaving like a normal nation.
換句話來說，美國或許會再次開始像一個正常國家那樣行事。
A hypercritical Europe, with its own solipsism, has often taken for granted just how abnormally unselfish American behaviour has been since the second world war.
吹毛求疵、有着自己的唯我論的歐洲，往往把自二戰以來美國非正常的無私行爲當成理所當然的事。
No people ever took on such far-flung responsibilities for so little obvious pay-off.
從來沒有哪個民族爲了如此微薄的顯性回報，承擔起種種跟自己八竿子打不着的責任。
The US kept troops in Europe and Asia for 70 years, not to protect itself from immediate attack but to protect its allies.
美國在歐洲和亞洲駐軍長達70年，不是爲了保護自己免受直接攻擊，而是爲了保護盟友。
With half the world’s gross domestic product in 1945, it created an open economic order that let others prosper and compete.
1945年美國的國內生產總值(GDP)是世界總GDP的一半，在這種情況下，它建立了開放的經濟秩序，讓其他國家得以繁榮發展並參與競爭。
It helped spread democracy even though democratic allies proved more independent than the dictatorships they replaced.
它幫助傳播了民主，即便事實證明，實行民主制度的盟友比被取代的那些獨裁政權更加獨立。
Pacific Rim leaders pledged on Friday to resist a new wave of protectionism as US President-elect Donald Trump loomed large over the opening of the 21-country Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit.
上週五，環太平洋地區的領袖承諾抵制新一波保護主義——美國當選總統特朗普的陰雲，籠罩着亞太經合組織（APEC，由21個國家組成）峯會的開幕式。
Mr Trump’s surprise victory in this month’s US presidential election has upended the Obama administration’s plans for a Trans-Pacific Partnership with Japan and 10 other countries and opened the door to Chinese rivals.
特朗普在本月美國總統大選中意外獲勝，推翻了奧巴馬政府與日本和其他10個國家建立跨太平洋夥伴關係(TPP)的計劃，爲中國的類似計劃乘虛而入打開了大門。
It has also raised fears that the US could embark on a trade war with China or erect new barriers that could undermine fragile growth in the region.
特朗普的勝出也引發了擔憂：美國可能會與中國打起貿易戰，或者設立可能會損害該地區脆弱增長的新壁壘。
Opening a business summit on the sidelines of this weekend’s APEC event, Peru’s president pointed to Mr Trump’s protectionist rhetoric and June’s vote in the UK to leave the EU as frightening developments for the global economy.
在爲APEC工商領導人峯會（在APEC領導人非正式會議間隙召開）揭幕時，祕魯總統指出，特朗普的保護主義言論以及6月英國投票退出歐盟，對全球經濟而言是可怕的動向。
In the US and Britain, protectionism is taking over, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski said.
在美國和英國，保護主義正在取代（自由貿易精神），祕魯總統佩德羅.巴勃羅.庫琴斯基(Pedro Pablo Kuczynski)稱，這兩件事非常重要——全球貿易重新開始增長、保護主義被打敗。
It is fundamental that world trade grow again and that protectionism be defeated, he added, urging anyone who wants to promote protectionism [to] read an economic history of the 1930s.
他還敦促任何想宣揚保護主義的人去讀一讀關於上世紀30年代的經濟史。
We have to deliver an unequivocal message to the world that trade continues to be beneficial, he said.
我們必須向世界發出明確信息，貿易仍是有益的，他稱。
That warning was echoed by Malcolm Turnbull, Australia’s prime minister, who cautioned that any new surge in protectionism would only hinder efforts to get the global economy out of its current low-growth rut.
澳大利亞總理馬爾科姆.特恩布爾(Malcolm Turnbull)也發出類似警告，稱保護主義的任何擡頭，都只會妨礙旨在幫助全球經濟擺脫目前低增長狀態的努力。
As we all know, if you are in a deep hole the worst thing to do is to keep digging.
衆所周知，如果你身處深坑之中，你最不應該做的就是繼續向下挖——
That is what protectionism does, he said.
而這正是保護主義做的事，他稱。
