喝點小酒能延長壽命嗎
Having a little wine or beer to unwind most days may help lower the odds of a premature death as long as that drink or two doesn’t routinely turn into more, a new study confirms. Researchers examined health survey data on more than 333,000 US adults, following them for an average of about eight years to see how their drinking habits influenced their survival odds.
一項新研究證實：大多數的時候喝點紅酒或啤酒放鬆或能降低過早死亡的風險，只要不貪杯就行。研究人員檢查了超過33.3萬美國成年人的健康調查數據，對這些人平均隨訪了8年，以瞭解人們的飲酒習慣會如何影響他們的生存機率。Compared with people who never had a drop of alcohol, light to moderate drinkers were more than 20% less likely to die early of any cause, or of heart disease in particular, the study found.
研究發現：與從未沾過一滴酒的人相比，飲酒少量或適中的人因任何原因或尤其是由於心臟病死亡的機率要少20%。Heavy drinkers and binge drinkers, however, were at least 10% more likely to die from any cause during the study, and they had at least 20% higher odds of an early death from cancer in particular.
然而，在研究中，重度飲酒者和酗酒者因任何原因死亡的風險至少要高10%，他們因爲癌症過早去世的機率至少要高20%。
“If alcohol is consumed, it should be consumed in moderation,” said lead study author Dr Bo Xi of the School of Public Health at Shandong University in China.
“喝酒一定要適度，”本研究的首席作者、中國山東大學公共衛生學院的Bo Xi博士說。Heavy drinking has long been linked to a variety of medical problems including liver disease, heart disease and certain cancers. But previous research has offered an inconclusive picture of the survival odds associated with light or moderate drinking.
長期以來，重度飲酒都與各種各樣的醫療問題相關，包括肝病、心臟病和某些癌症。但先前的研究也表明了生存機率與中輕度飲酒關係的不確定性。The current analysis attempts to tackle two issues that have contributed to inconsistent results in much of the earlier research: abstainer bias’ and sick quitter bias.’ Many other studies compared moderate drinkers to people who currently didn’t drink, making it impossible to separate people who stopped drinking due to addiction or other health reasons from people who were lifelong abstainers.
目前的分析試圖解決兩個問題，這兩個問題使得先前的多數研究得出了不一致的結果：戒酒者偏見和患病後戒酒偏見。很多其它的研究都將中度飲酒者與目前不喝酒的人進行比較，因此很難將由於上癮或其它健康問題而戒酒的人與一生都不喝酒的人區分開。
To exclude sick quitters,’ the current study left out people who died in the first two years of follow-up. To avoid abstainer bias,’ researchers created separate categories for adults who never drank at all and for ex-drinkers.
爲了排除患病後戒酒的人，目前的研究刪除了隨訪前兩年就去世的人羣。爲了避免戒酒者偏見，研究員將從不喝酒的成年人和戒酒者進行了分類。They sorted adults into six categories for the current study: lifetime abstainers; people who have always had alcohol on rare occasions; ex-drinkers; current light drinkers who have fewer than three drinks a week; moderate drinkers (more than three drinks a week but fewer than 14 for men or 7 for women); or heavy drinkers (more than 14 for men or 7 for women).
目前的研究將成年人分爲了六類：從不喝酒者、偶爾喝酒者、戒酒者、目前喝酒少量者（每週少於三次）、適度飲酒者（每週喝酒多於三次，但男性少於十四次，女性少於七次）和重度飲酒者（男性多於十四次，女性多於七次）。
