優秀的英語文章閱讀

英語優秀的文摘可以幫助同學們快速的提升英語成績哦，小編今天給大家整理了英語的文摘，大家快點學習起來，纔會更快的提升英語成績哦，有需要的同學可以收藏起來哦，學習英語的過程中可能有點困難，但是同學們不要放棄哦

　　說說因胃氣發出的響聲

Bang!

呃!

There’s nothing that sends the stomach up into the throat quite as effectively as a sudden, unexpected loud noise at close range.

胃氣上行至喉嚨最明顯的表現就是從喉嚨附近發出一聲大響，很突然，讓人猝不及防。

What Gives?

響從何來?

Counted in this category of shocking sounds is the accidental popping of a balloon or the forceful smashing of an air-filled paper bag. But why are these things so loud? It makes sense that the metal-on-metal clash of banging cymbals creates a racket, but air, paper and latex? What gives?

類似這種具有震撼力的響聲還有氣球突然爆裂或用力打破一個充滿空氣的紙袋時發出的聲響。但是，爲什麼這些東西會發出這麼大響聲呢?像銅鈸那樣金屬間互相碰撞產生的響聲還講得通，但空氣、紙和橡膠怎麼會發出這麼大的響聲?是什麼讓它們作響呢?

As Most of us know from elementary school science class, sound travels in waves. More specifically, sound consists of waves of pressure transmitted through the air to the ears. When a sound wave hits the ear it signals a change in pressure to the inner ear. A sensitive instrument, the inner ear can detect minute changes in pressure and interprets these changes as sounds. So logically, the higher the change in pressure, the louder the sound.

我們從小學科學課上就學過，聲音是以波的形式傳播的。說的具體些，由壓力波組成的聲音通過空氣傳到人耳。聲波撞擊人耳後會向內耳發送一個壓力改變的信號。內耳就像一部精密儀器，可以探測到壓力的微小變化並把這些變化轉換成聲音。因此，從邏輯上講，壓力變化越大，聲音就越大。

It’s All About Waves

一切都跟波有關

If we think about the air inside a balloon or paper bag as a large, contained pressure wave, then the puzzle begins to make sense. Both balloon and paper bag contain pressurized air pushing out against the sides.

如果我們把氣球或紙袋裏的空氣想成一個巨大的充滿壓力波的容器，那麼這個謎就可以解開了。氣球和紙袋裏都含有帶壓空氣，這些空氣向四周接觸面上施壓。

When the balloon pops or the bag is compressed, the pressurized air rushes out all at once in a powerful wave. Think of an ocean wave. The larger the wave, the more powerfully it crashes into the surf. When the highly pressurized wave from a popped balloon or bag hits the ear, the inner ear translates the sudden increase in pressure as a loud, ringing pop.

等到氣球破了，袋子癟了，帶壓氣體就立刻以強力波的形式向外衝出。這讓我們想到了海浪。波浪越大，拍岸就越有力。從氣球或袋子裏衝出的高壓波撞擊到人耳時，內耳就把這種突然升高的壓力轉換成一聲巨大、響亮的爆破聲。

　　Disturbed Elephants 不安的大象

Here’s a gruesome hypothetical: If you and your family were rounded up, and you were forced to watch as older relatives were killed, how would it affect you? Needless to say, you’d be horrified. You’d probably also be deeply disturbed for a long time afterwards. Maybe forever.

設想這樣一個可怕的場景：你和家人遭受圍捕，你被迫目睹長輩被殺，這會對你產生怎樣的影響?毫無疑問，你嚇壞了。你可能會在之後的很長一段時間內都深感不安，或許這種感覺會持續一生。

Regular Culling 常規獵殺

For some non human species, that grisly scenario is all too common. For instance, up until a few decades ago elephant populations were regularly culled. That is, family groups were herded into a tight space so that hunters could shoot and kill the older individuals. The practice was actually meant to help elephants, because park officials worried they’d grow too numerous and overrun the area.

對於除人以外的一些生物而言，這種可怕的場景是十分常見的。比如幾十年前，大象會經常遭受屠殺，藉此控制它們的種羣數量。捕獵者會將整個大象家族趕入一個狹小的空間，並槍殺其中一些年老的大象。因爲公園管理員擔心大象數量的增多會超出園區的負載限度，所以這種獵殺大象的行爲實際上是在幫助它們。

But research has shown that the surviving elephants are often deeply disturbed. One study found that elephants from a culled group had serious problems with social and other behaviors. For example, a group of orphaned male elephants killed more than one-hundred rhinoceroses over a decade — behavior that’s highly abnormal.

但是調查表明，那些在獵殺中倖存下來的大象常常會深感不安。一項研究顯示，這些倖存的大象在社交和其他行爲方面會出現嚴重的問題。例如，一羣失去親人的雄性大象在近十年中殺死了一百多頭犀牛。這是極端反常的行爲。

Lose Elders, Lose Educators 失去長輩即失去經驗

Another study found that culling survivors responded chaotically to elephant calls broadcast by scientists in a nearby jeep. The animals seemed at a loss — sometimes taking defensive measures, but not necessarily in response to calls from alien or more socially dominant females, as they normally would.

另一項研究顯示，當科學家在那些倖存下來大象附近的一輛吉普車中播放大象的叫聲時，它們的迴應十分混亂。它們顯得茫然無措，有時還會採取防禦措施。這並不像它們在正常情況下回應外來客或是族羣中地位更高的母象所表現出的那樣。

Scientists speculate that’s because elephants typically learn these important behaviors from their elders. And when those elders are culled or poached, the younger elephants may not learn how to respond to potential threats. Elephants that don’t know how to defend themselves have less chance of surviving and reproducing. Although culling is no longer practiced, poaching is. And it may have similar effects.

科學家推測這是因爲大象通常會從長輩身上學到這些重要的行爲。當長輩遭受屠殺或偷獵後，年幼的小象在面臨潛在威脅時會顯得不知所措。不知道怎樣保護自己的大象，其倖存機率便會降低，繁殖能力也會減弱。儘管如今屠殺大象的行爲已經消失，但非法狩獵仍會產生類似的效果。