培根哲理散文雙語閱讀

弗朗西斯·培根是英國文藝復興時期最重要的散文家、哲學家。他不但在文學、哲學上多有建樹，在自然科學領域裏，也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《隨筆》最初發表於1597年，以後又逐年增補。該書文筆言簡意賅、智睿奪目，它包含許多洞察秋毫的經驗之談，其中不僅論及政治而且還探討許多人生哲理。下面本站小編爲大家帶來培根哲理散文雙語閱讀，希望大家喜歡!

　培根哲理散文雙語閱讀：論消費

Riches are for spending; and spending for honour and good actions. Therefore extraordinary expense must be limited by the worth of the occasion: for voluntary undoing may be as well for a man's country as for the kingdom of heaven. But ordinary expense ought to be limited by a man's estate; and governed with such regard, as it be within his compass; and not subject to deceit and abuse of servants; and ordered to the best show, that the bills may be less than the estimation abroad.

財富底用處是消費，而消費底目的是爲了光榮或善舉。因此特別的消費當以其原因之價值爲度;蓋爲了國家，和爲了天國一樣，也可以自甘貧乏的。但是普通的消費則當以一個人底財產爲度;並且要管理得宜，務使消費不要超出收入;並且要勿受僕役底欺騙;還得觀瞻極佳，務使實付之款比外人底估計爲少。

Certainly, if a man will keep but of even hand, his ordinary expenses ought to be but to the half of his receipts; and if he think to wax rich, but to the third part.

無疑地，假如一個人僅僅要出入相當，不至貧乏的話，他日常的支出也應當僅及他底收入底一半;若是他要變爲富有的話，那他底支出就應當只有收入底三分之一。

It is no baseness, for the greatest, to descend and look into their own estate. Some forbear it, not upon negligence alone, but doubting to bring themselves into melancholy, in respect they shall find it broken. But wounds cannot be cured without searching. He that cannot look into his own estate at all, had need both choose well, those whom he employeth, and change them often: for new are more timorous, and less subtle. He that can look into his estate but seldom, it behoveth him to turn all to certainties. A man had need, if he be plentiful in some kind of expense, to be as saving again, in some other. As if he be plentiful in diet, to be saving in apparel: if he be plentiful in the hall, to be saving in the stable: and the like. For he that is plentiful in expenses of all kinds, will hardly be preserved from decay. In clearing of a man's estate, he may as well hurt himself in being too sudden, as in letting it run on too long. For hasty selling is commonly as disadvantageable as interest

即是很大的人物而躬自檢點自己底財產也不算是一件自卑自賤的行爲。有些人不肯如此做，其原因不僅是大意，也有因爲恐怕檢點底結果發現自己已經破產而生煩惱者。但是如果身體上有了創傷，不檢驗是不會好的。那完全不會檢點自己底財產的人務須要用人得當，還得常常換他們;因爲新用的人比較膽小而計謀少一點。那不能常常檢點他底財產的人應當把出入底一切數目都規定了。一個人如果在某一項上消費多，則他必須要在別的一項上節省。例如他在吃喝上愛花錢，那末他就應當在衣着上節省;要是他在住屋上愛花錢，他就應當在馬廄上節省，皆是也。因爲那在每一項上都是花錢很多的人是難免墮入逆境的。一個人在清償債務的時候，如果過於求速，一舉還清，也會和久欠不還一樣地有害的。因爲急於求售和多欠利息是一樣地不利也

Besides, he that clears at once, will relapse; for finding himself out of straits, he will revert to his customs: but he that cleareth by degrees, induceth a habit of frugality, and gained as well upon his mind, as upon his estate.

再者，一舉而還清了債務的人是會又走入借債的路上去的：因爲他一旦忽然發現自己沒有債務底困難的時候，就會故態復萌的：但那一點一點地還清債務的人藉此可以學會一種節儉的習慣，他底心理和他底財產將同受其益。

Certainly, who hath a state to repair, may not despise small things: and commonly, it is less dishonourable to abridge petty charges than to stoop to petty gettings. A man ought warily to begin charges, which once begun will continue: but in matters that return not, he may be more magnificent.

有財產需要補救的人是不能輕視小節的，這是一定的;並且，就一般而言，與其卑躬屈節以求小利還不如減少零星的花費較爲得體。一個人底經濟擔負如果是一起始就要長久繼續下去的，那他就要很小心，不可冒然擔承：但是在那些只有一次沒有下次的消費上，則不妨較爲大方一點。

　培根哲理散文雙語閱讀：論養生

There is a wisdom in this, beyond the rules of physic: a man's own observation, what he finds good of, and what he finds hurt of, is the best physic to preserve health.

養生有道，非醫學底規律所能盡。一個人自己底觀察，他對於何者有益何者有害於自己的知識，乃是最好的保健藥品。

But it is a safer conclusion to say; this agreeth not well with me, therefore I will not continue it; than this; I fmd no offence of this, therefore I may use it. For strength of nature in youth passeth over many excesses, which are owing a man till his age. Discern of the coming on of years, and think not, to do the same things still; for age will not be defied. Beware of sudden change in any great point of diet, and if necessity enforce it, fit the rest to it. For it is a secret, both in nature, and state; that it is safer to change many things, than one. Examine thy customs, of diet, sleep, exercise, apparel, and the like; and try in anything thou shall judge hurtful, to discontinue it by little and little; but so, as if thou doest fmd any inconvenience by the change, thou come back to it again: for it is hard to distinguish, that which is generally held good, and wholesome, from that, which is good particularly, and fit for thine own body.

但是在下斷語的時候，如果說：“這個與我底身體不合，因此我要戒它”，比說：“這個好象於我沒有什麼害處，因此我要用它”較爲安全得多。因爲少壯時代底天賦的強力可以忍受許多縱慾的行爲，而這些行爲是等於記在賬上，到了老年的時候，是要還的。留心你底年歲底增加，不要永遠想做同一的事情，因爲年歲是不受蔑視的。在飲食底重要部分上不可驟然變更，如果不得已而變更的話，則別的部分也須要變更，以便配合得宜。因爲在自然的事體和國家的事務上都有一種祕訣，就是變一事不如變多事的安全。把你平日飲食、睡眠、運動、衣服、等等的習慣自省一下，並且把其中你認爲有害的習慣試行逐漸戒絕，但是其辦法應當這樣，如果你由這種變更而感覺不適的時候，就應當回到原來的習慣去;因爲把一般認爲有益衛生的習慣和於個人有益，於你自己底身體適合的習慣分別起來是不容易的。

To be free minded, and cheerfully disposed, at hours of meat, and of sleep, and of exercise, is one of the best precepts of long lasting. As for the passions and studies of the mind; avoid envy; anxious fears; anger fretting inwards; subtle and knotty inquisitions; joys, and exhilarations in excess; sadness not communicated. Entertain hopes; mirth rather than joy; variety of delights, rather than surfeit of them; wonder, and admiration, and therefore novelties; studies that fill the mind with splendid and illustrious objects, as histories, fables, and contemplations of nature. If you fly physic in health altogether, it will be too strange for your body, when you shall need it If you make it too familiar, it will work no extraordinary effect, when sickness cometh. I commend rather some diet, for certain seasons, than frequent use of physic, except it be grown into a custom.

在吃飯、睡覺、運動的時候，心中坦然，精神愉快，乃是長壽底最好祕訣之一。至於心中的情感及思想，則應避嫉妒，焦慮，壓在心裏的怒氣，奧祕難解的研究，過度的歡樂，暗藏的悲哀。應當長存着的是希望，愉快，而非狂歡;變換不同的樂事，而非過饜的樂事;好奇與仰慕，以保有新鮮的情趣;以光輝燦爛的事物充滿人心的學問，如歷史、寓言、自然研究皆是也。如果你在健康的時候完全摒棄醫藥，則到了你需要它的時候將感覺醫藥對於你底身體過於生疏不慣。如果你平日過於慣用醫藥，則疾病來時，醫藥將不生奇效。竊以爲與其常服藥餌，不如按季節變更食物，除非服藥已經成了一種習慣

For those diets alter the body more, and trouble it less. Despise no new accident in your body, but ask opinion of it In sickness, respect health principally; and in health, action.

因爲那些不同的食物是可以變更體氣而不擾亂它的。對於身體上任何新的症候都不可小視，須要向人求教。

For those that put their bodies to endure in health, may in most sickness, which are not very sharp, be cured only with diet, and tendering. Celsus could never have spoken it as a physician, had he not been a wise man withal, when he giveth it, for one of the great precepts of health and lasting, that a man do vary, and interchange contraries; but with an inclination to the more benign extreme: use fasting, and full eating, but rather full eating; watching and sleep, but rather sleep;sitting, and exercise, but rather exercise; and the like.

在病中，主要的是注意健康;在健康的時候，主要的是注意活動。因爲那平日使自己底身體習於勞動的人在大多數不很厲害的疾病中只要節飲食，多調養，就可以好了。塞爾撒斯教人養生長壽之道，最要的一端就是一個人應當把各種相反的習慣都變換着練習練習，但是在輕重之間卻應當稍重那有益於人的一端;禁食與飽食都應當練習，但是寧可稍重飽食;警醒與睡眠都應當練習，但是寧可偏尚睡眼;安坐與運動都應當練習，但是寧可着重運動;諸如此類

So shall nature be cherished, and yet taught masteries. Physicians are some of them so pleasing, and conformable to the humour of the patient, as they press not the true cure of the disease; and some other are so regular, in proceeding according to art, for the disease, as they respect not sufficiently the condition of the patient Take one of a middle temper, or if it may not be found in one man, combine two of either sort: and forget not to call, as well the best acquainted with your body, as the best reputed of for his faculty.

塞爾撒斯要不是一位醫生而兼哲人的話，專以醫生底身分他是永不會說出這種話來的。如他所說的辦法，將使天生的體質既可以得滋養又可以增力量也。醫生之中有些是對於病人底脾氣很縱容遷就的，以致不能迅收治療之效;又有些人則是照治病底學理行事，十分謹嚴，以致對於病者底實情不充分注重。選擇醫生的時候頂好請一位性情適中的;或者，如果一個人沒有這樣的性情的時候，則在兩種人裏各取其一而調和之。又在請醫生的時候，固然要請那出名的好醫生，也不可忘了請那個最熟悉你底體格的醫生也。